phylogeny

4. A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
6. A taxonomic category above the species level, designated by the first word of a species′ two-part scientific name.
9. Clock an evolutionary timing method based on the observation that at least some regions of genomes evolve at constant rates.
10. Parsimony A principle that states that when considering multiple explanations for an observation, one should first investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts.
11. In classification, the taxonomic category above genus.

1. In classification, the taxonomic category above order.
2. A taxonomic category, the second broadest after domain
3. Record The chronicle of evolution over millions of years of geologic time engraved in the order in which fossils appear in rock strata.
5. In classification, the taxonomic category above class.
7. Epithet The second part of a binomial, referring to one species within a genus.
8. In classification, the taxonomic category above family.