Physical Properties of Earth's Layers

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Across
  1. 1. The earth is made of rock. Inside the earth, it is so hot that some rocks melt. The melted rock is called __________. Pressure inside the Earth will push up ___________ through the opening of a volcano.
  2. 4. When you walk across the room, you have to stop at the wall. Why? The wall is a __________. The air you walked through is not a __________ so you can keep walking. You pick up your baseball bat, glove, and water bottle before going outside. The bat and glove are both _____________. So is the bottle. But the water inside the water bottle is not a _________. Both water and air are not ___________. They have no definite shape
  3. 5. Try blowing air into a balloon. The molecules of air move and push on the walls of the balloon. This push is called ______________. If you keep blowing into the balloon it will explode because there is too much ___________. Air has weight and applies _____________ on all things on Earth. This weight is called air _______________. Knowing air pressure helps predict the weather.
  4. 7. A ______________ is a substance that has a unique composition. _____________ comprise all the everyday matter we can detect with our senses, and all matter we can detect with scientific instruments.
  5. 10. What happens when you pour honey, water and oil into the same container? The honey always sinks to the bottom. Then, there is a layer of water in the middle. The oil layer is always on top. Even if you shake the container, each layer will settle again because of their densities. The mass of oil per unit volume is the least. The oil rises to the top. The density of honey is the greatest and it sinks to the bottom.
  6. 14. _____________ involves the cyclical movement of hot and cold materials. In Earth's asthenosphere, in the portion of the mantle that is right below the lithosphere, hot solid rock rises toward the surface as cooler rock sinks. This _____________ of fluid rock transfers energy from Earth's hot interior toward the cooler surface.
  7. 15. __________ is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only planet in the Solar System that can support life. Millions of different types of plants and animals inhabit _________
  8. 16. ____________ is the amount of three-dimensional space defined by boundaries. In the case of matter, ______________ is the space occupied by a solid, liquid, or gas.
  9. 17. A sheet of paper is placed on a bar magnet. Iron filings are sprinkled on the paper. As the paper is shaken, the filings align themselves along the ______________. The arrangement of the filings indicates that the ______________ is strongest at the poles. Magnets repel when like poles face each other. They attract when unlike poles face each ot
  10. 18. What happens to your hot soup if you take too long to eat it? It loses _______. _________ is what happens when thermal energy is gained or lost. To warm your soup up, you can add more energy using a microwave or stove.
  11. 19. Take some an ice cubes in a beaker and heat it. After some time, you will see water beginning to form. If you put a thermometer into the beaker, it will show a reading of 32 degrees Fahrenheit until all the ice ________. The temperature at which ice starts turning to water is called the _________________ of ice. All solids have ___________________. If a solid has a high ______________, you will need a lot of heat to melt it.
Down
  1. 2. The _____________ is a gaseous layer that envelopes Earth. It is further divided into four layers on the basis of temperature. Different phenomena occur in each of these layers.
  2. 3. The______________ is the soft and plastic layer in Earth's upper mantle, just below the lithosphere.
  3. 6. Close your mouth tightly and fill it with air from your lungs. Now, quickly open your mouth. The air rushes out under pressure. When magma beneath Earth's surface is forced up due to pressure, it flows out to Earth's surface through openings known as ___________.
  4. 8. Crust Earth'_________ consists of continental crust and oceanic _________. The continental ___________, which is thicker and less dense, forms the continents.
  5. 9. Radiation __________ is the transfer of energy through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. Earth's surface receives solar ___________ from the Sun. Part of this energy is absorbed by the surface, while some is reflected back upwards. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb some of this __________ and redirect it back to Earth.
  6. 11. All humans have the same _____________. The upper half of the body contains a head, two arms, an abdomen, and a chest. The lower half consists of a pair of legs. Plants also have a definite ____________. They have leaves, stem, and roots. Similarly, all minerals also have a specific ___________.
  7. 12. The ____________ is made up of the oceanic crust, the continental crust and the rocky outer layer of the mantle. It is approximately 60 miles deep. The _____________ is broken into plates. Below the ____________, the mantle is semi-solid. The plates float on this and move a few centimeters every year.
  8. 13. The ________ aluminum comes from the ore called bauxite. Aluminum is made into cars, wrapping foils, cans, and cooking utensils.
  9. 14. Earth's _________ made up of iron and nickel has two layers: outer __________ and inner ________. The solid inner ___________ spins within the liquid outer _________.
  10. 19. The crispy fruit of an apple separates the outer skin from the seeds at the apple’s center. The layer between the Earth’s outside crust and its hot inner core is called the _________. The __________ is mostly made of rock. Besides being the middle layer, it is also the largest layer of the earth.