Physical Properties of Earth's Layers

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Across
  1. 2. Earth’s ________ made up of iron and nickel has two layers: outer _________ and inner _________. The solid inner ________ spins within the liquid outer _________
  2. 4. __________ is made up of many different _____________. These materials form layers below the ground. The uppermost layers or topsoil is made up of clay, silt, sand, and organic materials. Below that are rocks. The three kinds of rocks on Earth are sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and igneous rocks.
  3. 7. _____________ is the study of Earth.
  4. 8. The ___________ is a gaseous layer that envelopes Earth. It is further divided into four layers on the basis of temperature. Different phenomena occur in each of thees layers.
  5. 12. The ___________ is the soft and plastic layer in Earth’s upper mantle, just below the lithosphere.
  6. 13. Sedimentary rock formations are made up of many different layers.
  7. 14. _______________ consists of pieces of rock that are carried from one place to another by a medium such as water. Erosion breaks down larger rock into smaller _____________ and than carries and deposits it in another location.
  8. 16. Soil is made of many layers also known as horizons. The topmost layer, horizon A, is called topsoil and is the part of soi where most plants and animals reside. The bottommost horizon is called _______________. It is this layer of solid unweathered rock that eventually breaks down to form the upper layers of soil
  9. 17. _________________ is the transfer of energy through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. Earth’s surface receives solar ___________ from the Sun. Part of this energy is absorbed by the surface, while some is reflected back upwards. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb some of this ____________and redirect it back to Earth.
Down
  1. 1. Earth’s ___________ consists of continental _________ and oceanic ___________. The continental ___________, which is thicker and less dense, forms the continents.
  2. 3. The crispy fruit of an apple separates the outer skin from the seeds at the apple’s center. The layer between the Earth’s outside crust and its hot inner core is called the _______. The __________ is mostly made of rock. Besides being the middle layer, it is also the largest layer of Earth.
  3. 5. The _____________ is made up of the oceanic crust, the continental crust and the rocky outer layer of the mantle. It is approximately 60 miles deep. The _________________ is broken into plates. Below the _______________, the mantle is semi-solid. The plates float on this and move a few centimeters every year.
  4. 6. The ____________ is made up of the layers of the Earth. The Earth’s crust is found beneath the oceans and the continents. Deeper within Earth is the mantle, the inner core, and the outer core.
  5. 9. rocks begin also begin as hot liquid deep beneath Earth’s surface. As the melted rock or magma moves toward the surface, it cools and hardens into rock.
  6. 10. _________ is an igneous rock that consists mainly of quartz, mica, and feldspar.
  7. 11. Earth’s crust is made up of many separate pieces known as _______________. When two continental plates collide, they cause the curst to fold and form mountains like the Himalayas.
  8. 15. Soil, sand, and rocks are always moving from one place to another.