Physical Science Vocabulary Chapter 4
Across
- 1. an element that is typically dense, solid, ductile, malleable, highly conductive, and chemically reactive, especially in the presence of nonmetal elements; metals are located on the left end of the periodic table
- 3. any elements in Groups 3-12 of the periodic table, typicallyy having one or two valence electrons, which it easily loses, resulting in cations with charges of 1+ or 2+
- 5. a representation of an atom consisting of its chemical symbol with surrounding dots representing its chemical symbol with surrounding dots representing its valence electrons
- 7. an element in Group 17 of the periodic table having seven valence electrons; it easily gains an electron, forming a 1- anion, which causes it to be highly reactive
- 10. an element with characteristics between those of metals and nonmetals; also called semi-conductors; located between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table
- 11. any electron in the outermost energy level of a neutral atom; unparied valence electrons are usually involved in chemical bonding
- 14. the distance from the center of an atom's nucleus to its outermost energy level
- 16. an element from either of two rows usually placed below the periodic table; a member of either the lanthanide or actinide series; it typically had two valence electrons
- 17. see family
- 18. a row in the periodic table of the elements; also called a series
- 19. a column of elements in the periodic table having similar valence electron arrangement, resulting in similar chemical properties; also known as a group
Down
- 2. an element in Group 2 of the periodic table, having two valence electrons that it tends to lose easily to become a 2+ cation, making it very reactive
- 4. an element in Group 1 of the periodic table, having one valence electron that it can easily lose to form a 1+ cation, making it extremely reactive; the most reactive of all the metals
- 6. an element in Group 18 on the periodic table having eight valence electrons that fill the outer energy level (helium is an exception with only two); With a full outer energy level, it is inert (nonreactive)
- 8. a measure of an element's ability to attract and hold electrons when bonded to other atoms
- 9. a table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers
- 12. an element that typically has four or more valence electrons and that does not exhibit the general properties of metals; located on the right side of the periodic table
- 13. any of Groups 13-16 in the periodic table; so named because they contain metals, nonmetals, and metalloids; these groups are often named for the first element in the family
- 15. the law that states that the properties of the elements vary with their atomic numbers in a regular, repeated pattern