Physics Vocab

4. the region of space around a massive object where gravity exerts a forc
5. the minimum speed an object needs to break free from a celestial body's gravitational pull and travel infinitely far away without further propulsion
8. the measure of the force of gravity on an object, calculated by multiplying the object's mass by the acceleration due to gravity
9. the curved path an object takes around another object due to their mutual gravitational attraction
13. a law stating that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers
14. centripetal force is the center-seeking force that makes an object move in a curved or circular path, always directed towards the center of that curve, perpendicular to the object's velocity, and calculated as \(F_{c}=mv^{2}/r\)
15. the amount of "stuff" in an object and its resistance to changes in motion (inertia), measured in kilograms (kg)

1. fundamental physical constant that quantifies the strength of gravity, representing the force between two unit masses separated by a unit distance
2. the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.
3. the universal attractive force between any two objects with mass or energy, pulling them toward each other
6. any force that pulls two or more objects, particles, or masses toward each other, drawing them closer together
7. physical quantity's intensity (like light, gravity, or sound) is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from its source
10. free fall is the motion of an object where gravity is the only force acting upon it
11. radial distance from a central point or between centers of masses
12. the average position of all the mass in an object or system