Physiology of Bone

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Across
  1. 4. Bone formation from a cartilage template, responsible for the development of long bones.
  2. 6. Soft tissue within bones, responsible for hematopoiesis in red marrow and fat storage in yellow marrow.
  3. 7. Elevated calcium levels in the blood, often due to excessive bone resorption.
  4. 11. Concentric layers of bone matrix within an osteon.
  5. 14. The process of bone formation, either intramembranous or endochondral.
  6. 17. Bone formation from mesenchymal tissue, primarily forming flat bones.
  7. 20. A dense fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bones, containing nerves and blood vessels.
  8. 22. A hormone that increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption.
  9. 27. The addition of minerals and collagen fibers by osteoblasts to strengthen bone.
  10. 28. Multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption by breaking down bone tissue.
  11. 30. Microscopic channels connecting lacunae, enabling nutrient and waste exchange.
  12. 32. A protein involved in osteoclast differentiation and activation, promoting bone resorption.
  13. 33. The flared portion of a long bone, located between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
  14. 34. A condition of decreased bone mass and density, increasing fracture risk.
  15. 36. Bone-forming cells that synthesize and secrete osteoid, initiating bone mineralization.
  16. 39. (Osteon): The structural unit of compact bone, comprising concentric lamellae around a central canal.
  17. 40. An enzyme produced by osteoblasts, essential for bone mineralization.
  18. 44. A hyaline cartilage plate in growing bones, responsible for lengthwise growth.
  19. 45. Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts, embedded in the bone matrix, responsible for maintaining bone tissue.
  20. 47. A decoy receptor that inhibits RANKL, reducing osteoclast activity.
  21. 48. The unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts.
  22. 49. A principle stating that bone grows or remodels in response to mechanical stress.
  23. 50. A cytokine promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
Down
  1. 1. The shaft of a long bone, primarily composed of compact bone.
  2. 2. A mineral form of calcium phosphate, giving bones their rigidity and strength.
  3. 3. The biological process of repairing bone fractures, involving inflammation, repair, and remodeling phases.
  4. 5. A measure of bone strength, determined by the amount of mineralized bone.
  5. 8. Loading The application of forces or weight on bones, essential for bone strength and adaptation.
  6. 9. The non-cellular component of bone tissue, consisting of collagen fibers and ground substance, providing strength and flexibility.
  7. 10. Cartilage cells involved in endochondral ossification and growth plate function.
  8. 12. The deposition of calcium salts within bone tissue.
  9. 13. A nutrient crucial for calcium absorption and bone mineralization.
  10. 15. Growth factors stimulating bone and cartilage development.
  11. 16. A pediatric disorder of defective bone mineralization, often due to vitamin D deficiency.
  12. 18. A condition of soft bones due to defective mineralization in adults.
  13. 19. Dense outer layer of bone that provides structural support and protection.
  14. 21. A hormone that decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
  15. 23. The central cavity within bones, containing bone marrow.
  16. 24. The continuous cycle of bone resorption and formation, maintaining bone health.
  17. 25. The process by which osteoclasts break down bone tissue, releasing minerals into the blood.
  18. 26. Protein A protein involved in cartilage and bone development.
  19. 29. A protein secreted by osteocytes that inhibits bone formation.
  20. 31. Channels that connect Haversian canals, providing pathways for blood vessels and nerves.
  21. 35. Disease A disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling, leading to structurally weak bones.
  22. 37. Spongy, porous bone found inside bones, designed to absorb stress and reduce weight.
  23. 38. A central channel in an osteon containing blood vessels and nerves.
  24. 41. A thin membrane lining the inner surface of bones, involved in bone growth and repair.
  25. 42. The rounded end of a long bone, involved in joint articulation.
  26. 43. Low calcium levels in the blood, leading to muscle spasms and other symptoms.
  27. 46. Small spaces within bone matrix that house osteocytes.