Plant Mineral Nutrition and Nutritional Symbioses

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Across
  1. 4. The plant family in which most nitrogen-based nutritional symbioses occur.
  2. 5. The primary site of absorption by roots occurs in the region of maturation, where there are abundant (two words) _____________.
  3. 6. Potassium plays several major roles in plants, one of these involves the movement of water from areas of lower solute concentrations to areas of higher solute concentrations. Potassium facilitates this movement by providing a solute differential also referred to as _________ potential.
  4. 8. Beyond organic material, soil is composed of [in order of decreasing size] sand, silt, and _________.
  5. 10. Soil is derived from rock by a break down processes called …
  6. 14. Fertilizers for plants always report three-numbers which provide information on the percent by weight of three macronutrients included in the product, for example “10-10-10”. These macronutrients are (in order), nitrogen, __________, and potassium.
  7. 15. The relative percentages of different-sized soil particles define a soil’s __________.
  8. 18. When plants engage in nutritional symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria or symbiotic fungi, the plant receives nitrogen or phosphorous in exchange for photosynthetically derived ____________.
  9. 19. The major source of phosphorous for plants is the weathering of rock, which releases phosphorous as inorganic ___________ ions.
  10. 20. Beyond organic material, soil is composed of three types of particles, which are discriminated by their _______.
  11. 21. In order to use nitrogen, plants rely on microbes to break the covalent triple bond, and attach, or “ ______” nitrogen to other compounds.
  12. 25. Elements that are needed by plants in large quantities are referred to as __________.
  13. 27. Nitrogen plays several major roles in plants, one of these involves being a major component of all of the monomers that comprise peptides and proteins, or (two words) ________.
Down
  1. 1. The potassium component of plant fertilizer is composed of potassium salts, but on the packages, it is most often referred to (traditionally) as __________, which is a different compound entirely, and not taken up by plants in nature.
  2. 2. Cation liberation from the soil matrix involves the release of carbon dioxide from roots; as a product of __________.
  3. 3. Elements that are needed by plants in very small (trace) quantities are referred to as __________.
  4. 7. Plants engage in nutritional symbioses to enhance access to nutrients. One of these involves __________ fungi, which colonize the cortical cells of plants, and gather phosphorous from the surrounding soil, and exchange this with plants for photosynthetic carbohydrates.
  5. 9. Plants engage in nutritional symbioses to enhance access to nutrients. One of these involves the formation of highly branched fungal structures within cortical cells of plants, which serve as the primary sites of nutrient exchange. These highly branched structures are referred to as _____________.
  6. 11. The primary source of nitrogen for plants is _________ nitrogen, which can not be used directly by plants due to the strength of the covalent triple bond.
  7. 12. Rock is an impure _______, which is an aggregate of numerous elements, which become available to plants as the rock breaks down.
  8. 13. The surface of soil particles has a __________ charge, which form ionic bonds with cations.
  9. 16. When plants engage in nutritional symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the formation of nodules to contain the bacteria constitutes a ___________ change on the part of the plant.
  10. 17. Phosphorous plays several major roles in plants, one of these involves being a major component of ___________, found in all plasma membranes.
  11. 22. Plants are capable of absorbing nitrogen in a few forms, ammonia, ammonium, and __________.
  12. 23. Plants engage in nutritional symbioses to enhance access to nutrients. Despite colonization of plant roots by these symbionts, they never actually enter the plant cell. Instead, they are ________, more specifically referred to as “invaginated” within the plant plasma membrane.
  13. 24. ________ exchange refers to the liberation of cations from ionic bonds to soil particles.
  14. 26. Plants engage in nutritional symbioses to enhance access to nutrients. One of these involves that of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, in which plants form structures on their roots to contain the bacteria, these structures are referred to as ____________.