PlantAgriculture

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Across
  1. 3. the long-term absence from the diet of one or more essential nutrients
  2. 4. method of growing plants using nutrient-enriched water, but no soil. Takes place indoors, so pesticides are not needed.
  3. 8. accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain
  4. 10. Horizon containing: Subsoil. Tiny rock particles that leach down from the topsoil.
  5. 12. alternates row and cover crops, creating sheltering "strips" that keep eroded soil within the farm.
  6. 14. Rich, fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
  7. 15. malnourishment disorder: Insufficient iodine. Thyroid gland enlarges
  8. 18. a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
  9. 19. the coarsest (largest) soil, with particles 0.05-2.0 mm in diameter. Has many large spaces, allowing rapid water percolation.
  10. 25. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
  11. 26. often have roots that are matted together and that spread deep underground
  12. 27. Water is allowed to flow over the surface. 60% efficiency due to evaporation High risk of salinization as dissolved minerals accumulate. Least expensive to implement.
  13. 28. Genetically modified organism made when DNA is removed from one organism and placed within the DNA of what can be a very different organism.
  14. 30. the intermediate size particles in soil, with particles 0.002-0.05mm in diameter.
  15. 31. Changes the type of plant grown each year.
  16. 32. To cause (a liquid) to pass through a porous body; filter.
  17. 33. Crop that are ones that meet the majority of human caloric demand.
  18. 35. Partially decomposed plant and animal matter.
  19. 36. Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.
  20. 37. loosens and mixes soil, increasing water percolation and mixing O-horizon humus into the topsoil.
  21. 40. malnourishment disorder: Insufficient iron or vitamin B12. Not enough red blood cells, decreasing oxygen transport
  22. 41. Plante taxonomic group: multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic
  23. 45. Bad for farming; heavy leaching of nutrients and soil drying due to rapid percolation rate
  24. 46. Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms
  25. 48. a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility. primarily nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K)
  26. 49. The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
  27. 52. Foods grown without the use of GMOs, synthetic fertilizers, or pesticides.
  28. 54. Bad for farming: becomes waterlogged due to slow percolation rate
  29. 55. the addition of water from an external source.
  30. 59. Horizon containing: Topsoil. Organic matter mixed with weathered rock particles.
  31. 62. Ideal for farming. Moderate water retention and percolation rate
  32. 63. The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation
  33. 64. the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
  34. 66. Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)
  35. 69. The accumulation of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in various tissues of a living organism.
  36. 70. the impact of falling raindrops breaking up the clumpy structure of the topsoil.
  37. 71. Fertilizers are derived from manure, food waste, and crop residues'=.
  38. 72. green revolution from 1967-now; expanded to developing countries
Down
  1. 1. when a diet does not meet an individual's basic energy (calorie) requirement.
  2. 2. a consolidated mixture of particles containing minerals such as iron, potassium, sulfur, and phosphates.
  3. 5. If the runoff is allowed to concentrate and gain velocity or energy, it will cut rills and gullies as it detaches more soil particles
  4. 6. a layer of soil that has identifiable characteristics produced by chemical weathering and other soil-forming processes
  5. 7. Plowing that follows the natural elevation curves of the land.Reduces the speed of water, preventing rill and gully erosion.
  6. 9. combination of techniques used to minimize synthetic pesticide use. Cultural --> Mechanical --> Biological --> Chemical
  7. 11. Event was held on April 22, 1889, where settlers can get free land in the Oklahoma territory.
  8. 13. Fertilizers synthetically made with the precise combination of nutrients the farmer needs.
  9. 16. Physical breakdown of rock by wind, water, cold, and heat.
  10. 17. Rows of large trees or bushes planted between fields to help block the wind and prevent soil erosion
  11. 20. Underground tubes deliver water directly to roots. 90% efficient Lowest risk of salinization Most expensive.
  12. 21. Peeling off thin layers of soil from the land surface; accomplished primarily by wind and water
  13. 22. Planting seeds without turning and mixing up soil. Unplowed soil is not as loose and resists wind and water erosion.
  14. 23. Nutrients needed in smaller amounts in the diet. An absence of one or more is called malnourishment
  15. 24. Macronutrient found in plant and animal foods. Most calorie-dense
  16. 29. Macronutrient found more in plant-based foods Primary energy source for most people
  17. 34. Chemicals that kill or control insects, weeds, fungi, or other organisms that damage crops.
  18. 38. % of water that reaches the plant roots.
  19. 39. Horizon containing: Humus. Non-decomposed plant matter.
  20. 42. Automated sprinklers rotating around a tower deliver water. 80% efficiency Moderate-low risk of salinization. Moderately expensive.
  21. 43. Agricultural crops such as legumes that completely blanket the soil, sheltering it.
  22. 44. Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.
  23. 47. classify soil based on the relative amounts of each particle.
  24. 50. Cutting flat, stair-like areas into hillsides, preventing rill and gully erosion.
  25. 51. Molecular nature of rock is changed due to reactions with water, oxygen, etc.
  26. 53. farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year
  27. 56. The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
  28. 57. A chemical substance that an organism must obtain in relatively large amounts (Carb, Lipids, and Proteins)
  29. 58. Horizon containing: Bedrock. Unweathered, solid rock.
  30. 60. malnourishment disorder: Insufficient protein intake Disrupts normal fluid transportation in the body
  31. 61. Agricultural crops, such as corn and soybeans, that are grown in rows. They must be spaced out, creating areas highly exposed to wind and splash erosion.
  32. 65. Horizon containing: Parent material. Rock that has undergone little weathering because it is so deep underground.
  33. 67. the finest (smallest) size particles in soil, with particles <0.002 mm in diameter. Few spaces; water does not percolate easily
  34. 68. Macronutrient found more in animal-based foods Needed to build body structures