Plants Sensory Systems and Responses

1. responses: Plants have developed various mechanisms to defend themselves against herbivores and pathogens, including the production of toxins, enzymes, and physical barriers like thorns and spines.
4. organic compounds (VOCs): Plants release VOCs that can attract pollinators, repel herbivores, or communicate with neighboring plants.
6. response: Plants have mechanisms to conserve water during periods of drought, such as closing stomata to reduce water loss through transpiration.
9. The ability of certain plants to release chemicals that inhibit the growth of nearby plants, providing a competitive advantage.
12. Specialized proteins that absorb specific wavelengths of light and initiate plant responses, such as phototropins and cryptochromes.
15. The ability of plants to track time and detect changes in day length, which influences flowering, setting of winter buds, and vegetative growth.
16. regulation: Hormones play a crucial role in plant growth and development, influencing processes such as cell elongation, flowering, and fruit ripening.
17. The growth response of plants to gravity, causing roots to grow downwards and shoots to grow upwards.
18. in tendrils: Tendrils of climbing plants exhibit various tropisms, including thigmotropism (response to touch) and circumnutation (circular motion) to find support structures.
19. The growth response of plants to physical touch or mechanical stress, such as the coiling of tendrils around a support.

2. signaling: Plants can transmit electrical signals to coordinate responses to environmental stimuli, such as the closure of Venus flytrap leaves upon prey contact.
3. - The field of study and practice involving the cultivation of plants, including the manipulation of environmental factors to optimize plant growth and development.
5. movements: Reversible, non-directional movements in response to environmental stimuli, such as the opening and closing of flowers in response to light or temperature changes.
7. The directional bending of a plant towards or away from a light source.
8. rhythms: Plants have internal biological clocks that regulate various physiological processes, including growth, photosynthesis, and hormone production.
10. The growth response of plant roots towards or away from water gradients in the soil.
11. The growth response of plant roots towards or away from specific chemicals in the soil, such as nutrients or toxins.
12. system: A family of chromoproteins that act as biological light switches, monitoring the level, intensity, duration, and color of environmental light in plants.
13. response: A touch response in plants that is independent of the direction of the stimulus, such as the rapid closing of the leaves in a Venus flytrap upon contact with prey.
14. movements: Some plants exhibit leaf movements, such as the folding of leaves in response to touch (thigmonasty) or the adjustment of leaf angles to optimize light capture (nyctinasty).