plate tectonics

5. intense shaking of Earth’s surface
7. arupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface
8. the processes that control the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time.
11. the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.
13. the science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.
15. The solid, outermost layer of the Earth, lying above the mantle.♦

1. the layer of earth's crust under the lithosphere
2. the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate
3. of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side the formation of new areas
4. a terrestrial or inner planet consisting of a thin outer crust, an intermediate mantle, and a dense inner core
6. heated molten rock beneath the surface
9. the solid, outer part of the Earth
10. also called pallium, plural pallia, or palliums, in biology, soft covering, formed from the body wall, of brachiopods and mollusks; also, the fleshy outer covering, sometimes strengthened by calcified plates, of barnacles
12. the physics of the earth.
14. an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock