Plate tectonics

5. the Pacific Plate slides northwestward past the North American Plate
6. a collision between two of Earth's tectonic plates, where one plate sinks into the mantle underneath the other plate
7. planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been rock missing
8. a German climatologist, geologist, geophysicist, meteorologist, and polar researcher
10. tectonic plates converge, the one with thin oceanic crust subducts beneath the one capped by thick continental crust

1. the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over time
2. two tectonic plates move away from each other
3. the solid, outer part of Earth
4. the continent we now know as North America was contiguous with Africa, South America, and Europe
9. a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean