Plate Tectonics

2. A deep valley along the ocean floor caused by the subduction of an oceanic plate.
4. A boundary where two plates move toward each other, causing collision or subduction.
8. The supercontinent that existed roughly 300 million years ago.
10. pertaining to the structure or movement of the earth's crust
11. The rigid outer layer, composed of the crust and upper mantle.
12. Valley A deep valley formed where two plates are pulling apart on a continent.
16. A boundary where two plates slide horizontally past each other, often causing earthquakes.
17. The process where an oceanic plate dives beneath a continental or another oceanic plate into the mantle.
19. the bottom of a sea or ocean
20. Arc A string of volcanoes formed parallel to a subduction zone.

1. the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust
3. A massive, rigid piece of the lithosphere.
5. A boundary where two plates move away from each other, allowing magma to rise and create new crust.
6. An underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics, typically at a divergent boundary.
7. A fracture in Earth’s crust where rocks on either side have slipped past each other.
9. A major belt of volcanoes and earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
13. The plastic-like, upper part of the mantle below the lithosphere, on which the plates move.
14. An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust, forming volcanoes (e.g., Hawaii).
15. Current The transfer of heat in the mantle that drives plate movement, where hot, less dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks.
18. The outdated hypothesis that continents once formed a single landmass (Pangaea) and slowly drifted apart.