Plate Tectonics and Ocean Sediments

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Across
  1. 2. Microscopic, one celled photosynthetic plankton characterized by the rigid call wall made of silica.
  2. 4. Theorized upper layer of the mantle characterized by hot solid material that flows slowly over time, much like old glass.
  3. 6. The upper most, rigid part of the upper mantle and the crust; cool solid rock portion of the outer earth>
  4. 8. The balance between the weight of the crust and the force of buoyancy provided by the mantle.
  5. 12. The process by which polar ice floats to sea carrying sediments that sink when ice melts.
  6. 14. Ooze composed primarily of planktonic organisms that have silica skeletons.
  7. 17. Ooze composed primarily of planktonic organisms that have calcium carbonate skeletons or shells.
  8. 18. CCD; the depth at which calcium carbonate dissolves as fast as it accumulates, generally considered to be about 4,500 meters (14,760 feet).
  9. 20. Boundary in the theory of plate tectonics, the boundary between two tectonic plates that are coming together; also called a colliding boundary.
  10. 22. Also known as lithogenous sediments; originates on land, primarily through erosion carrying particles into the sea.
  11. 23. Tiny amoeba-like marine animals whose complex skeletons are made of silica and contribute to siliceous ooze.
  12. 24. Boundary in the theory or plate tectonics, the boundary between two tectonic plates that are spreading apart; also called a spreading boundary.
  13. 25. Sediment that originates from chemical reactions in seawater.
Down
  1. 1. In the theory of plate tectonics, the boundary between two tectonic plates that are sliding past each other.
  2. 3. Underwater avalanches of thick, muddy sediments accumulated on the continental shelf that speed down the continental slope into deep water.
  3. 5. Waves that travel through the Earth that result from movement of the plates; also known as earthquake waves.
  4. 7. Sediment that originates from life, consisting of primarily shells and hard skeleton.
  5. 9. The region of the Earth’s interior that exists between the crust and the core.
  6. 10. Sediment deposits created by turbidity currents; they consist of layers of lithogenous sand embedded with fine deep-sea sediments.
  7. 11. The theory that the continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart and are still moving.
  8. 13. Irregular lumps of iron and manganese with small amounts of cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper, molybdenum and zinc found on some deep ocean bottoms.
  9. 14. The theory that the seafloor forms in and spreads from rift valleys in the mid-ocea ridges, eventually pushing underground trenches.
  10. 15. Instrument that measures the polar orientation and intensity of magnetism of minerals.
  11. 16. The theorized single continent in the distant past before the continents broke apart and drifted away from each other.
  12. 19. The theory states that the continents float on the Earth’s molten interior, gradually moving over millions of years.
  13. 21. Layer of atmosphere from 50,000 to 90,000 meters (31 to 56 miles) above sea level.