Plate tectonics, Earthquakes, & Volcanoes

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Across
  1. 2. break in earth's crust along which movement occurs
  2. 3. the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
  3. 4. when magma hardens inside a volcano and the volcano erodes forms this
  4. 6. bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air
  5. 7. most active volcano in the world
  6. 10. forms when magma hardens before it reaches the surface into a dome shape
  7. 11. Plastic-like layer of the lower mantle on which the lithosphere move
  8. 13. Harry Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge
  9. 14. break in rock caused by compressive forces, where rock above the fault surface moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface
  10. 15. a volcano with very steep sides
  11. 17. sections of the Earth's upper mantle and crust that move slowly
  12. 18. when magma squeezes into cracks in rocks and hardens usually vertically
  13. 19. point under the surface of the Earth where an earthquake originates
  14. 20. Alfred Wegener's theory that continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past
  15. 23. a volcano with gently sloping sides
  16. 26. ocean wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor
  17. 27. break in rock caused by shear forces, where rocks move past each other without much vertical movement
  18. 29. seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave
  19. 30. when the top of a volcano collapses it forms this
  20. 31. Wave which causes rock particles to move in a backward rolling and side to side swaying motion, this is the most destructive earthquake wave
  21. 32. measure of the energy released by an earthquake
Down
  1. 1. a caldera that formed on Mt.Mazama and filled with water
  2. 5. a volcano that is in between shield and cinder cone volcanoes
  3. 8. the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the upper part of the mantle
  4. 9. The process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud
  5. 12. A current in the asthenosphere caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid. Causes the movement of tectonic plates.
  6. 16. a wave produced by an earthquake
  7. 17. a theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move
  8. 21. break in rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the rock below the fault surface
  9. 22. an island that was formed by volcanic eruptions along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
  10. 24. seismic wave that moves rock particles back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels
  11. 25. the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath earth's surface.
  12. 27. when magma squeezes into cracks in rocks and hardens usually horizontally
  13. 28. large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together