Plate Tectonics Vocab (Unit 6)

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Across
  1. 3. the layer of the earth between the crust and the core, broken up into 3 distinct parts: rigid (upper) mantle , asthenosphere and rigid (lower) mantle
  2. 6. An underwater mountain chain where new ocean floor is formed, found at DIVERGENT boundaries
  3. 8. A rigid layer made up of the rigid, uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
  4. 9. an instrument that records earthquake waves in the from of a seismogram
  5. 11. formed at a divergent boundary on continental crust- could lead to the formation of new oceans
  6. 12. potentially giant wave caused by an underwater earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.
  7. 14. The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.
  8. 15. Liquid layer of the core: molten iron and nickel. Movement in this layer combined with the Coriolis effect creates Earth's magnetic fields.
  9. 18. A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth- solid due to the crazy high pressure levels.
  10. 21. where two plates are moving apart, magma comes up to create new crust- convection currents are moving away from each other
  11. 23. amount of time between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave at a given location
  12. 24. underground location where an earthquake originates (occurs)
  13. 25. time it takes a seismic wave to get from the epicenter to a given location
  14. 26. A narrow, deep trough parallel to an CONVERGENT oceanic and continental plate boundary .
  15. 28. A plate boundary where two plates move or slide past each other in opposite directions- San Andreas Fault is a famous one
  16. 30. all waves of energy released from an earthquakes focus and traveling outward in all directions
  17. 32. The vibrations and shaking of earth's crust caused by the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
  18. 33. the process by which new oceanic crust forms along a mid-ocean ridge and older oceanic crust moves away from the ridge- rocks on opposite sides are mirror images of each other- sharing the same age and magnetic polarity
  19. 34. a volcanically active area of Earth's surface, often far from a tectonic plate boundary- Example: the Hawaiian Islands
Down
  1. 1. faster moving, seismic waves that can travel through liquids, solids and gasses
  2. 2. The felsic (granite) crust that is found under the continents: thicker and less dense than the oceanic crust
  3. 4. Polarity Patterns Magnetic minerals line up with Earth's magnetic poles when new ocean crust is formed, creating a mirror record of Earth's polarity changes on either side of a mid-ocean ridge
  4. 5. occurs as less dense, hotter material rises from within the mantle and cooler, more dense material sinks in a continuous cycle, thought out the asthenosphere
  5. 7. The idea that continents have moved and are still moving slowly across the Earth's surface- provided the basis for the Theory of Plate Tectonics
  6. 10. Distance of a given location from the epicenter of an Earthquake
  7. 13. Measure of the energy released during an earthquake
  8. 16. A tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other causing the destruction of crust, convection currents are coming together and sinking here
  9. 17. The mafic (basalt) crust is found under the oceans : thinner and more dense than the continental crust
  10. 19. A vent in the Earth's surface through which magma and gases erupt
  11. 20. the plastic-like layer of the mantle below the lithosphere where convection occurs (this layer is the reason we have plate tectonics)
  12. 22. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
  13. 27. slower moving seismic waves that can only travel through solids (absorbed by liquid)
  14. 29. The time a P or S wave gets to another location after an earthquake occurs (clock time)
  15. 31. Area on Earth's surface where NO seismic waves are detected during an Earthquake