Plate Tectonics

2. waves / vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
4. / a trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock
8. / the transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching
9. / the transfer of heat by movement of fluid
10. / the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core
12. / the transfer of energy through space
13. / Weak, partially melted layer composed of semi-molten rocks
16. / a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of the continental and oceanic crust
17. core / a layer of molten iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) that surrounds the inner solid core of the Earth
18. core / a dense sphere of solid iron (Fe) and nickel(Ni) at the center of the Earth

1. ridge / an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced (usually at a divergent boundary)
3. trench / a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle
5. / the process by which the oceanic crust sinks beneath the deep ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent boundary
6. / A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust
7. / the name of the single land mass that broke apart and gave rise to today's continents
8. drift / the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface
11. / the layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface
14. spreading / the process by which molten materials add new oceanic crust to the ocean floor
15. / a device that determines the distance of an object underwater by recording echoes