Population Genetics, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Revision

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Across
  1. 5. When allele/genotype frequencies remain constant across generations under HW assumptions.
  2. 7. Proportion of heterozygotes carrying a recessive disease allele.
  3. 8. Model used as a “no evolution” baseline to compare real genotype data against.
  4. 12. How evenly individuals are distributed across species.
  5. 13. Genetic drift when a new population is started by a small number of individuals.
  6. 16. Genetic drift after a sharp population crash reduces variation.
  7. 17. Non-random survival/reproduction that increases fitness-associated alleles.
  8. 19. Random allele-frequency change, strongest in small populations.
  9. 20. Variety of life at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels; linked to resilience.
  10. 21. Observable trait produced by genotype interacting with environment.
  11. 22. Study of how allele frequencies change over time within populations (useful for disease risk patterns).
  12. 23. Process converting light energy to chemical energy at the base of most food webs.
Down
  1. 1. Number of different species in a community.
  2. 2. Movement of individuals between populations that changes allele frequencies.
  3. 3. Test comparing observed vs expected genotype counts to assess HW fit.
  4. 4. Diversity metric combining richness and abundance/evenness.
  5. 6. Evolutionary change measured as shifting allele frequencies across generations.
  6. 9. Proportion of a specific allele in the population; for a locus, totals sum to 1.
  7. 10. All alleles of all genes present in a population.
  8. 11. When Aa has higher fitness than AA or aa; helps maintain harmful alleles (e.g., sickle cell vs malaria).
  9. 14. Proportion of each genotype (e.g., AA, Aa, aa) in a population.
  10. 15. Variation in alleles within a species; supports adaptation and disease resistance.
  11. 18. Source of new alleles; must occur in germline cells to be inherited.