Post-Classical Asia Review

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Across
  1. 2. third longest river in the world and the longest in Eurasia
  2. 3. owned no land, but provided agricultural, military, and labor services for their lords in exchange for plots to cultivate, security, and a portion of the harvest / they lived like their neolithic predecessors in China
  3. 5. river that takes its name from the vast quantities of light-colored loess soil that it picks up along its route / very unpredictable with a history of devastating floods / Chinese civilization emerged around this river valley
  4. 8. principal instruments used by fortune-tellers in ancient China / shoulder blades of sheep or turtle shells that were inscribed with a question and then subjected to heat - fortune-tellers then studied the network of splits and cracks that emerged / many bore inscriptions in archaic Chinese writing
  5. 9. (ruled from 206 to 220 CE) invented paper / established the Silk Road - a network of trade routes that connected China with the West / adopted Confucianism as the state philosophy
  6. 11. with urbanization, there were advancements in social welfare and infrastructure under the Song
  7. 12. first made in China during the Tang dynasty / type of ceramic that is white, fine-grained, and usually translucent
  8. 15. (475 to 221 BCE)warfare was the most important aspect of social life during the violent last centuries of the Zhou dynasty / rival Chinese states battled viciously for territorial advantage and dominance / this period is often considered a transition from the Bronze Age to the Classical Age
  9. 18. capital chosen by the Song dynasty / at the southern end of China’s Grand canal / known as the “House of Silk” - renowned for its silk production
  10. 20. practice that involves foretelling the future, discovering hidden knowledge, or determining the cause of events
  11. 21. paper money invented by merchants and later adopted by the state
  12. 22. a mix of saltpeter (sodium nitrate), sulfur, and charcoal / accidentally discovered by Taoist chemists / the Chinese referred to it as huo yao or "fire drug" / during the Tang, it was primarily used for fireworks and incendiary devices
  13. 23. this school of thought was adopted as the state philosophy during the Song dynasty / emphasized the importance of social harmony and proper conduct, as well as filial piety (respect for elders) / became the foundation of the Chinese civil service exam for several centuries
Down
  1. 1. highest mountain range in the world / forms a natural barrier between the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau in southwestern China
  2. 4. emerged during the Song dynasty / a syncretic philosophy that emphasized personal development and the pursuit of moral excellence, or sagehood / emerged as a response to the growing influence of Buddhism and Daoism in China
  3. 6. (ruled from 960 to 1279 CE) during this dynasty, technology was highly advanced in fields as diverse as agriculture, iron-working, and printing / the dynasty oversaw an economic revolution and rapid population growth with more and more people moving to cities / upper-levels of government were staffed by highly educated scholar-officials selected through competitive civil service examinations
  4. 7. (ruled from 618 to 907 CE) imperial dynasty that presided over a golden age of reform and cultural advancement / inventions such as gunpowder, woodblock printing, paper money, and porcelain contributed to the dynasty's reputation
  5. 10. technology that emerged during the first millennium BCE in China / gradually made bronze weapons obsolete as these ores are cheaper, more abundant, and more widely distributed than the copper and tin needed to make bronze / also enabled subordinates of the Zhou to effectively resist the central government and to pursue their own interests
  6. 13. reached China before the Shang dynasty, as the Xia dynasty made limited use of these kinds of tools and weapons / process of combining copper and tin to create...
  7. 14. built in the seventh century by the Sui / the longest artificial waterway in the world / linked Beijing in the north to the southern parts of the country
  8. 16. world's highest and largest plateau in southwestern China / province that covers much of the plateau is home to 220 million Buddhists
  9. 17. religion that first reached China via the Silk Road during the Six Dynasties Period - a period of disunity and instability following the fall of the Han
  10. 19. (ruled from 221 to 206 BCE) dynasty that established the first unified empire in China / established a centralized government and laid the foundation for future Chinese dynasties by unifying the warring states; standardizing writing, currency, and measurements; and initiating large-scale construction projects like the Great Wall / dynasty only lasted 14 years
  11. 21. Song practice where the feet of young girls were broken and tightly wrapped to change their shape and size, making them smaller and more delicate / symbol of status and feminine beauty / expression of ethnic pride
  12. 24. (ruled from 581 to 618 CE) reunified China after the Six Dynasties Period, which was characterized by political divisions with multiple kingdoms vying for control in the north and south / centralized power through (1) strict, harsh rule, (2) the establishment of a professional army, (3) the implementation of a new legal code, and (4) the adoption of the Han’s merit-based civil service system