Prokaryotes, Protists, and Plants!

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Across
  1. 1. The theory explaining the origin of eukaryotic organelles from ancestral prokaryotes (first word only).
  2. 4. Supergroup of eukaryotes that includes red algae, green algae, as well as land plants.
  3. 6. Polymer of polypeptides and polysaccharides composing the cell wall of many bacteria.
  4. 8. Supergroup of protists characterized by membrane-bound sacs beneath their plasma membrane.
  5. 9. Vascular plants that produce seeds exposed on cones.
  6. 11. Long, whip-like structures used by prokaryotes for movement.
  7. 14. Seedless vascular plants with microphylls and mostly heterosporous reproduction.
  8. 18. An organism that can switch between being a producer or consumer, depending on environmental conditions.
  9. 19. A method of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes, often through a pilus.
  10. 20. Flagellated protists with two symmetrical nuclei.
  11. 23. Symmetrical protists with silica-based skeletons.
  12. 25. Plants in Anthophyta with two seed leaves, branching leaf veins, and vascular bundles in a ring.
  13. 27. Seedless vascular plants with megaphylls and mostly homosporous reproduction.
  14. 29. Supergroup of eukaryotes that includes amoebozoans and opisthokonts.
  15. 30. Subgroup of protists with hydrogenosomes that help in anaerobic environments.
  16. 31. The diploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces spores.
Down
  1. 2. A tight layer outside the cell wall, providing protection to some bacteria.
  2. 3. Organisms that produce their own organic molecules using energy from chemical reactions, rather than sunlight.
  3. 5. Subgroup of protists with two flagella located in grooves.
  4. 7. Toxins found within certain bacteria, usually gram-negative, often released upon their death.
  5. 10. A small, circular DNA molecule found in many prokaryotes.
  6. 12. The haploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces gametes.
  7. 13. Plants in Anthophyta with one seed leaf, parallel leaf veins, and scattered vascular bundles.
  8. 15. Non-vascular plants that reproduce asexually by fragmentation.
  9. 16. Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus.
  10. 17. Non-vascular plants that reproduce asexually through gemmae cups.
  11. 21. Protists characterized by an apical complex, which helps parasitic forms invade host cells.
  12. 22. Prokaryotes distinct from bacteria.
  13. 24. Phylum of gymnosperms that are mostly monoecious and evergreen, with non-motile sperm.
  14. 26. A tough structure formed by some bacteria to survive harsh conditions.
  15. 28. Vascular plants that produce seeds enclosed in fruits.