Propaganda

4. using a person's authority, reputation, or expertise as the sole or primary reason to support their argument, without providing any other evidence or reasoning
6. a false, spoken statement that is damaging to a person's reputation
8. when speakers attack the person making the argument and not the argument itself
11. limiting the available choices or solutions to only two even though other alternatives exist
13. the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities

1. media that uses carefully-crafted messages to manipulate people's actions and beliefs
2. a false notion or belief; an error in thinking
3. forms of media that serve a small, wealthy, and powerful class of people and influence the political agenda of other media companies (ex. New York Times, NPR, PBS, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times)
5. trying to prove something by saying it again and again; argument by repetition
7. a false, written statement that is damaging to a person's reputation
9. forms of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as websites, podcasts, large social networking apps, TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, recordings, and movies (ex. Spotify, Facebook, YouTube, Fox News, MSNBC, Instagram, Twitter)
10. holding pre-conceived notions in favor of or against one idea, person, or group compared with others
12. ("scare tactics") using fear, instead of evidence or reason, as the primary motivator to get others to accept an idea or conclusion