PSM Final Exam Review Xword (1 of 2)

Across

3. temporary structure formed when reactant molecules meet to undergo a reaction (2 words)
5. a chemical property of bases is that they have this (2 words)
6. unpaired electrons in a neutral atom that are available for sharing, transferring, or pairing with an electron donated by another atom (2 words)
7. fraction for changing units in which the quantity in the numerator is equivalent to the quantity in the denominator
9. occurs whenever matter changes from one state to another
10. can be measured or observed only when matter undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of matter
12. synthesis, decomposition, single and double replacement, combustion, and neutralization (3 words)Accuracy how close a measurement is to the true value
13. used to separate out pure substances in mixtures comprised of particles some of which are large enough in size to be captured with a porous material
14. mixture of a metal with ≥ 1 other elements (which could be metals, nonmetals, or both)
15. these occur more often in nature than do individual elements; consist of atoms of different elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions
17. [three words] simple diagram that shows only an atom’s valence electrons
20. process in which some substances change into different substances (2 words)
23. acids and bases do this when dissolved in water (2 words)
24. ionic compounds that produce positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
25. purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated
27. fuel + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
30. measure of how many molecules of that substance are present in a given volume
31. Color and indicator type indicating exposure to bases (3 words)
33. force of attraction that holds together two nonmetal atoms that share electrons (2 words)
35. a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered by the reaction
36. ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
39. alloy of copper and zinc; softer than bronze and easier to shape; very shiny; used for musical instruments, doorknobs, and plumbing fixtures
40. mixture in which particles are distributed uniformly throughout and are too light to settle out
43. an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements (two words)
44. name for N2O3 (2 words)
45. the number of these must be equal on each side of a balanced chemical equation
49. two ionic compounds exchange ions (3 words)
50. reaction type in which the energy released when bonds form exceeds the activation energy
53. lowering of the freezing point of a liquid due to presence of a solute (3 words)
56. a solid substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern
57. number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula that shows how many atoms or molecules of the substance are involved in the reaction
58. conducted experiments showing gases must consist of tiny, individual particles that are in constant, random motion; a given compound is always comprised of the same elements in the same whole-number ratio; different compounds consist of different elements or ratios; and, elements are made of separate, discrete particles that cannot be subdivided.
59. concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
60. a certain amount of energy a chemical reaction needs just to get started (2 words)

Down

1. a tactile characteristic of bases (2 words)
2. state of matter that has neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape
4. intentionally kept constant so it won’t influence the outcome of an experiment
8. parts of a measured quantity that are objectively absolutely accurate and independent of who is making the measurement
10. representations of chemical reactions that display the reactants and products with chemical formulas (2 words)
11. mass number of a nitrogen atom containing 8 neutrons
15. metals act well as these because of the constantly moving electrons
16. a one-or two-letter designation of an element (two words)
18. negatively charged; almost no mass compared to protons; exist outside the nucleus; discovered by J.J. Thomson
19. negative ions formed by atoms gaining electrons
21. in a chemical reaction, energy is used to ________ bonds in reactants
22. vertical column of the periodic table
25. concluding specific claim from general observations; both logically and actually true
26. factor that researcher predicts will change in response to changes in independent variable
27. a force of attraction between atoms or ions formed when atoms share or transfer valence electrons (2 words)
28. change from gas to liquid
29. positive ions formed by atoms losing electrons
32. modern periodic table is organized by arranging elements in order by this (two words)
33. many burn easily; many do not dissolve in water; cannot conduct electricity; tend to have low melting and boiling points (2 words)
34. reaction type in which the activation energy exceeds the energy released when bonds form
37. simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
38. condition of an atom’s outermost energy level that produces the greatest stability
39. raising of the boiling point of a liquid due to presence of a solute (3 words)
41. described electrons as orbiting at specific distances from the nucleus
42. first proposed atoms, without evidence to support his idea
46. state of balance in which the forward and reverse direction rates are equal in each direction, and there is no overall change in the amounts of reactants and products
47. “two-atom”
48. clues this has occurred include change in color, change in temperature, and production of a gas
51. AB → A + B
52. a protein that acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions
54. = mass divided by volume
55. times one billion