PSYC 341 Review

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Across
  1. 5. The smallest unit of meaning in a language, not necessarily the smallest unit of sound (e.g. Cats has two, “cat” + “s”)
  2. 7. A type of schema that represents the normal sequence of events in a given situation
  3. 10. The type of fallacy in which people believe that the probability of two events occurring together is greater than the probability of either event on its own
  4. 11. the type of attention used during a task when a person is trying to simultaneously focus on two or more stimuli
  5. 12. A method of representing a problem using a grid of rows and columns to look at all possible combinations of items
  6. 15. When someone does not notice a change to an existing object in his or her environment
  7. 18. When it becomes difficult for people to learn new material because of interference from material they have already learned (e.g. learning a list of many fruits in a row becomes difficult because the ones learned previously interfere with the new ones)
  8. 19. Language units larger than a sentence, such as a full paragraph or speech
  9. 21. The idea that the more unique a piece of information is, the more easily it will be encoded in long-term memory
  10. 22. Research finding that people take a longer time to name the color of words when the color and the word represent different colors (e.g. The word "red” written in black) because automatically reading the meaning of the word distracts from naming a physical attribute
  11. 24. A problem solving strategy that uses a specific process that will always produce a solution, but may be inefficient (e.g. exhaustive searches)
  12. 25. Thinking about one’s own thoughts and cognitive processes, and controlling how they are used, (e.g. Selecting a specific mnemonic to help remember a term)
  13. 27. Face-blindness; an extreme deficit in a person’s ability to recognize human faces
  14. 29. The study of objective and observable reactions to stimuli without a focus on the mental processes behind those reactions
Down
  1. 1. The highest level of language understanding, the social norms that indicate the language beyond the surface level of the sentence, because people do not always say what they mean
  2. 2. Wundt’s early technique of studying cognition by training participants to objectively report their own mental processes and experiences
  3. 3. The theory that we use the best and most common example of a concept as a basis of comparison in order to classify new objects (e.g. thinking of a wren in order to classify whether or not something is a bird)
  4. 4. Type of amnesia when a person is unable to form new memories, or learn any new information after brain damage has occurred, but has no difficulty recalling memories up until that point
  5. 6. The principle that it is easier to recall information when in the same state you were when it was encoded. While this applies somewhat to physical environments, it is more important for mental states
  6. 7. The process by which thinking about one concept activates related concepts, and continues to move outward
  7. 8. The type of memory that includes remembering to do a certain task or remember a certain piece of information in the future (e.g. remembering to stop by the post office on the way home)
  8. 9. A mental-shortcut; a problem solving strategy that usually produces a correct answer more quickly, but can sometimes be incorrect
  9. 13. The part of working memory responsible for briefly storing and working with auditory stimuli, including a person’s “inner voice”
  10. 14. The type of reasoning that moves from general to specific, using general statements combined with logic rules to draw conclusions about a specific situation
  11. 16. A difficulty in communicating characterized by difficulty producing words, people with this type of brain damage often have short and choppy speech
  12. 17. A type of problem that has the same underlying structure as the problem you are trying to solve, although they may seem very different on the surface
  13. 20. The type of coding that suggests our mental representation of objects is language-based, rather than similar to actually viewing the physical object
  14. 23. Organizing information by combining separate items into meaningful groups (e.g. combining FBICIANFL into FBI, CIA, and NFL)
  15. 26. Understanding the knowledge that another person has when communicating with him or her, and communicating based on shared knowledge and experiences so that both people understand
  16. 28. The type of psychology that looks at our tendencies to organize what we see into patterns and view the whole rather than individual parts