Psych first 50

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Across
  1. 5. Conditioning: type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli
  2. 7. Perspective: Objects that appear blurred from a distance due to the environment one is in.
  3. 10. Rules: these rules can be learned early in one’s life through socialization and interactions
  4. 11. period: the period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli produces proper development
  5. 14. Research: A scientific study that strives towards solving certain problems.
  6. 15. the second part of Freud’s structural model of the mind
  7. 16. Bias: tendency to seek and create information that verifies existing beliefs even if current information indicates that the original belief was incorrect
  8. 18. Threshold: The smallest amount of stimulus energy required to identify a stimulus 50% of the time.
  9. 19. operations: Piaget’s stage of cognitive development - theory that children (age 6-11) gain mental operations that enable them to think logically
  10. 21. A psychotherapist who advocated for human well-being and establishing positive changes/impacts to the world.
  11. 22. five: In terms of personality traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism --refer to page 599 for chart and explanation
  12. 23. Thinking: when a person tries to find a single correct answer to a problem
  13. 25. Developed the first intelligence test by selecting items that identified children who would have probably have trouble progressing normally in french schools.
  14. 28. a developmental psychologist who is known for his theory on human development and identity
  15. 29. Reward: this type of behavior is driven by outside sources as opposed to originating from inside an individual
  16. 32. callosum: bridge of fibers passing information between the two hemispheres
  17. 33. area: helps control the language expression--an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved with speech.
  18. 36. A rule or procedure that guides one towards solving a particular problem.
  19. 37. taking out one’s anger on a person or object that is not the cause of the offense
  20. 38. this type of psychiatric treatment involves inducing seizures
  21. 43. synthesis theory: Explains why we dream and suggests that dreams form due to physiological processes in the brain.
  22. 44. A pioneering researcher of observational learning, known for his bobo doll experiments
  23. 45. Cues: a depth cue, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes
  24. 47. Process where our eye’s lens begins to change its shape in order to focus on close or distant objects that are ina the retina.
  25. 48. Linguist Noam Chomsky has argued that language is nature’s gift—an unlearned human trait, separate from other parts of human cognition. He theorized that a built-in predisposition to learn grammar rules, which he called universal grammar, helps explain why preschoolers pick up language so readily and use grammar so well.
Down
  1. 1. Cue: **I could not find this def so I did availability heuristic, but i think it has something to do with eyesight** estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume seuch events are common.
  2. 2. interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
  3. 3. Effect: the increase in intelligence scores over time
  4. 4. response: learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless
  5. 6. Threshold: minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
  6. 8. Our ability to accept and adjust to new things or changes that come our way.
  7. 9. this psychologist specializes in the relationship between facial expressions and emotions
  8. 12. Refractory Period: The period during action potential where a stimulus is sent to a neuron which prevents the production of another action potential so a neuron can no longer fire.
  9. 13. theory: The idea that people are motivated in order to maintain physiological arousal
  10. 17. Neurons: these are a type of conducting cells which carry information from the central nervous system to the rest of the muscles and organs in the body
  11. 20. Rehearsal: this memory technique involves thinking about the meaning of a term instead of just the term itself
  12. 24. this behavioral phenomenon manifests itself by fading of non-reinforced conditioned response over time
  13. 26. Are known to influence one’s behavior through their collective unconscious.
  14. 27. sodium gates open and let sodium into the axon, causing the axon to become omore positive on the inside
  15. 30. the extent to which the eyes move inwards while looking at an object
  16. 31. Thinking: a variety of solutions are proposed in this way of thinking
  17. 34. needs: One’s desire to form relationships and have that feeling that they are a part of a group.
  18. 35. Reduction: motivating behaviors that are driven by biological needs
  19. 36. Effect: The autokinetic effect is a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move
  20. 39. of STM: How much we can remember in our short term memory, magic number 7
  21. 40. NS: The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). It’s sympathetic division arouses; it’s parasympathetic division calms down.
  22. 41. Operations: the fourth stage of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development; increase in one’s ability to think abstractly and develop egocentrism
  23. 42. Potential: A neural impulse or short electrical charge which moves down an axon.
  24. 46. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically.