Psychobiology Test 2

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Across
  1. 3. the pain signal ascends the spinal cord to the...
  2. 7. primary taste cortex and the somatosensory cortex, which is responsible for the sense of touch on the tongue
  3. 10. the auditory receptor cells
  4. 12. a condition that may result from damage to the inferior temporal cortex
  5. 15. loses intensity as the messages spread
  6. 16. axons of the ganglion join together and form...
  7. 18. detects the direction of tilt and amount of acceleration of the head; important for maintaining balance
  8. 19. stimulus that is necessary for resetting the circadian rhythm
  9. 21. detects sudden displacements or high-frequency vibrations on the skin
  10. 27. respond to temperature and pain
  11. 29. rear surfaces of the eye which is lines with visual receptors
  12. 30. whatever excites a particular type of nerve generated a special energy unique to the nerve
  13. 36. hair cells excite the...
  14. 42. a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain
  15. 49. used for color and detailed vision
  16. 50. failure of the bones of the middle ear to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea
  17. 52. a drug that has no pharmacological effects, yet reduces the emotional response to pain
  18. 53. important area associated with motion
  19. 57. the ability to respond in some way to visual information after extensive damage to area V1; respond to stimuli but cannot see it
  20. 59. used for peripheral and night vision
  21. 60. the spinal cord received messages from the pain receptors, but also input from touch receptors and from axons descending from the brain
  22. 67. internal rhythms that last about a day that govern sleep and wakefulness; within 24 hours a complete cycle of sleep and wakefulness occur
  23. 70. each bump on the tongue
  24. 71. ganglion cells in the fovea
  25. 73. a response to slow gradual changes in light so it wont be released when you look at bright lights momentarily or if you walk into a dark room
  26. 74. a disruption of our biological rhythms due to crossing time zones
  27. 75. in the primary auditory cortex, certain cells respond only to certain tones
  28. 76. neurons enable you to distinguish the result of eye movements and the result of object movements
  29. 77. there are three types of cones, and each respond to certain wavelengths
  30. 78. a blurring of vision for lines in one direction; this disorder is caused by an asymmetric curvate of the eyes
  31. 79. each receptor responds to only a small range of stimuli
  32. 81. pupil focused by the
  33. 83. endogenous morphines that reduce pain by inhibiting substance P a neuropeptide associated with pain
  34. 84. theory the cortex compares the responses from different parts of the retina to determine the brightness of color
  35. 85. small but found throughout the retina
  36. 86. strong pain causes the release of both glutamate and...
  37. 87. originated from V1 and extends to the temporal lobe
  38. 88. typical of a relaxed state of consciousness
Down
  1. 1. contains the cochlea which contains three-fluid filled tunnels
  2. 2. the combination of taste and smell
  3. 3. frequent or constant ringing in the ear produced by nerve deafness
  4. 4. an opening in the center of the iris
  5. 5. each eare along the basilar membrane of the cochlea can only respond to a specific frequency
  6. 6. an extended period of unconsciousness caused by head trauma, stoke, or disease
  7. 8. located inside taste buds, which are located in papillae; receptor cells of the tongue
  8. 9. the perception of the frequency of a sound wave
  9. 11. taste and smell are referred as the...
  10. 13. a process that sharpens contrasts to emphasize the borders of objects produced by horizontal cells
  11. 14. the location of the "what" pathway that helps us detect certain sounds
  12. 17. the optic nerve sends information from the right eye to the left hemisphere and information from the left eye to the right hemisphere
  13. 20. when experiences have a particularly strong and enduring influence
  14. 22. the inability to perceive color differences as most people do
  15. 23. negative images result from...
  16. 24. a person is sometimes aware of their surroundings and shows occasional, brief period of purposeful actions and limited speech comprehension
  17. 25. from the receptor cells the taste message travels to...
  18. 26. respond to movement of hairs
  19. 28. are of the cortex that is responsible for the first stage of visual processing
  20. 31. receptors of a sensory system respond to a wide range of stimuli and contribute to the perception of each of them
  21. 32. perceives color in terms of paired opposites
  22. 33. an unconscious state that the brain actively produces, characterized by decreased response to stimuli
  23. 34. an internal calendar that prepares a species for annual seasonal changes
  24. 35. used to measure different sleep stages
  25. 37. moves when an object moves
  26. 38. biological clock works because of an area of your hypothalamus called the...
  27. 39. characterized by high brain activity and eye movement but complete muscle relaxation
  28. 40. combines EEG waves with eye moment records
  29. 41. the intensity of a sound wave
  30. 43. a reduced response to one taste because of exposure to another
  31. 44. response when the whole scene expands, contracts, or rotates
  32. 45. have larger receptive fields and respond best to moving stimuli
  33. 46. chemicals released by the brain to dull prolonged pain
  34. 47. when the tympanic membrane strikes it causes three tiny bones to vibrate the...
  35. 48. includes hearing, touch, pain and the vestibular sensation
  36. 51. sounds waves enter the auditory canal and strike the...
  37. 54. no sign of brain activity and no response to stimulation
  38. 55. a place on the retina with no rods or cones
  39. 56. includes touch, pressure, cold/warmth, pain, and tickle; anything you feel on your skin
  40. 58. have small receptive fields only responding to small things; respond best to visual details and color, located in or near the fovea
  41. 61. perceived certain pitches when the entire basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, causing the axons of the auditory nerve to produce action potentials at the same frequency
  42. 62. get information from bipolar cells and send it to other bipolar cells other amacrine cells, or ganglion cells
  43. 63. originates from V1 and extends to the parietal lobe; made up of mostly magnocellular input
  44. 64. damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve that causes a permanent impairment in hearing in one to all ranges of frequency
  45. 65. sends inhibitory messages which stop the retina from sending messages to the brain that are unnecessary at a given moment
  46. 66. when people are able to see objects but impaired at seeing whether they are moving, or, if so, which direction and how fast
  47. 68. a person alternated between periods of sleep and moderate arousal, although they show no awareness of their surroundings
  48. 69. disorder where people are impaired at detecting small changes in frequency
  49. 72. an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which is also released by the basil forebrain
  50. 80. conveyed over thin, slow unmyelinated axons
  51. 82. a savory taste associated with amino acid glutamate, occurs in meat, fish, and vegetables