PTS History

2. Act that established 10 federal pretrial services demonstration agencies to make bail recommendations and to supervise defendants on bond.
3. First major reform to the Federal Bail System since 1789. Established the goal of reducing unnecessary detention when conditions of release were available to reasonably assure the defendant's appearance in court. Danger was not a factor to be considered.
7. Title and Section of the federal code that details the functions and powers relating to Pretrial Services.
9. Amendment that protects against excessive bail
10. Legal Principle that guarantees defendants are not assumed to be guilty before they are convicted.
11. Year of the National Conference on Bail and Criminal Justice where AG Robert Kennedy stated, "only one factor determines whether a defendant stays in jail before he comes to trial. That factor is not guilt or innocence. It is not the nature of the crime. It is not the character of the defendant. That factor is, simply, money. How much money does the defendant have."
12. Title and Section of the federal code that outlines the factors to be considered by the Judicial Officer (Judge) in making the bail decision.
13. Act that established Pretrial Services in all federal district courts except DC.
14. Case that established that "Unless the right to bail before trial is preserved, the presumption of innocence, secured only after centuries of struggle, would lose its meaning."

1. Act that reformed the federal bail system to include danger as a consideration. It is our current bail law.
2. Case that stated, "In our society, liberty is the norm, and detention prior to trial or without trial is the carefully limited exception."
4. Amendment that expanded due process rights to all states and people.
5. Title and Section of the federal code that outlines the conditions for release or detention of a defendant pending trial.
6. Amendment that guarantees due process, particularly against the arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property.
8. Name of the Vera Foundation's 1961 experiment where New York City defendants were interviewed and a report with a recommendation on bail given to the magistrate judge.