Public Health Exam 3

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Across
  1. 3. rate: the incidence of deaths per unit of time, most often per year, in a population
  2. 5. the influence of irrelevant or even spurious factors or associations- commonly called confounding variables- on a result or conclusion
  3. 8. rate: the actual rate of events in a population, without adjustment
  4. 10. System: the body’s natural defense system, which works to eliminate pathogens.
  5. 11. deaths: death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy
  6. 14. risk factor surveillance survey (BRFSS): A system of health-related telephone surveys that college state data about U.S. residents regarding their health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services.
  7. 15. systems: ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning implementation, and evaluation of public health
  8. 16. the ability to test of a test to avoid mistaken identification
  9. 18. analysis: an economic analysis assessed as health outcome per cost expended.
  10. 24. to health care: the potential for timely sue of medical services to achieve the best possible health outcomes.
  11. 27. both the patient and the doctor are blind as to whether the patient is receiving a drug or a placebo in a clinical trial.
  12. 28. relationship: the relationship between the dose of some agent, or the extent of some exposure, and a physiological response.
  13. 29. disease: a disease that is marked by long duration or frequent recurrence, usually incurable but not immediately fatal.
  14. 34. period: the time between infection of an individual by a pathogen and the manifestation of the disease it causes
  15. 37. a measure of the number of new cases occurring in a population within a given amount of time, usually a year.
  16. 40. value: the probability that an observed result or effect could have occured by chance if there had actually been no real effect.
  17. 41. study: an epidemiologic study in which the impact of some intervention on one group of subjects is compared with the effect of a placebo or conventional therapy on a control group
  18. 43. division of a sample into two or more comparable groups by some random method that eliminate biased selection.
  19. 44. a way of gathering and analyzing data to extract information, seek causation, and calculate probabilities.
  20. 45. a loss of blow flow to part of the brain caused by a blood vessel bursting or becoming clogged by a blood clot or some other particle
  21. 48. group: the treated group in a study
  22. 50. the proportion of some disease or condition in a group per unit of time
  23. 51. variables: a factor or explanation other than the one being studied that may affect a result or conclusion.
  24. 52. statistics: systematically collected statistics on births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and other life events.
  25. 53. a unit of hereditary information passed from parents to offspring.
  26. 54. a supposedly ineffective pill or agent used in a control group to gauge the effect of an actual treatment in another group.
Down
  1. 1. rate: number of live births in a year per 1000 women ages 15-44.
  2. 2. disease: a disease that the law requires to be reported to public health authorities as part of the public health surveillance system
  3. 4. functions of public health: three basic tasks performed by public health agencies to ensure conditions in which people can be healthy.
  4. 6. pregnancy: a general term that includes mistiming or unwanted at the time of conception.
  5. 7. probability that the same result could have been found by chance and that the intervention had no real effect.
  6. 9. level: the usual prevalence of a disease within a given geographic area.
  7. 12. a mistaken identification of persons as affected by some disease or condition when, in fact, they are unaffected by the disease or condition being tested.
  8. 13. a mistaken identification of persons as healthy or unaffected when, in fact, they have the disease or condition being tested for.
  9. 17. study: a study of a group of people followed over time to see how some disease or diseases develop.
  10. 19. the occurence in a community or geographic area of a disease at a rate that clearly exceeds the normally expected rate.
  11. 20. the relationship between two or more events or variables.
  12. 21. proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease or attribute at a specified point in time or during a specified time period.
  13. 22. rate: number of births in a year per 100,000 people
  14. 23. variation: the way a coin will successively turn up heads or tails if flip[ed in just the same way.
  15. 25. study: an epidemiologic study that compares individuals affected by a disease with a comparable group of persons who do not have the disease to seek possible causes or associations.
  16. 26. present at birth
  17. 30. group: a group of individuals used by an experimenter as a standard for comparison
  18. 31. a calculation of what may be expected, based on what has happened in the past under similar conditions.
  19. 32. an x-ray of the breast.
  20. 33. health informatics: the systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and learning.
  21. 35. checking for a disease when there are no symptoms.
  22. 36. risk: a comparison of two morbidity or mortality rates using a calculation of the ration of one to the other.
  23. 38. curve: a plot of time trends in the occurrence of a disease or other health-related event for a defined population and time period
  24. 39. analysis: an economic analysis in which all costs and benefits are converted into monetary values and results are expressed as dollars of benefit per dollar expended.
  25. 42. the removal of a sample of tissue that is then examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells
  26. 46. assessment: a quantitative estimate of the degree of hazard to a population presented by some agent or technology or decision.
  27. 47. the ability of a test to avoid false negatives.
  28. 49. rate: a way of comparing two groups that differ in some important variable by mathematically eliminating the effect of that variable.