Puzzle 02: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

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Across
  1. 3. The mechanical force of fluid pushing against cellular or capillary walls, serving as a primary driver of filtration.
  2. 6. A low serum potassium level that causes neuromuscular weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and prominent U waves on an EKG.
  3. 8. CLUES
  4. 10. The adrenal hormone that stimulates the renal tubules to reabsorb sodium and water while excreting potassium and hydrogen ions.
  5. 11. A clinical sign of hypocalcemia demonstrated by tapping the facial nerve, causing involuntary twitching of facial muscles
  6. 12. The primary renal chemical buffer in the extracellular fluid that is measured to determine metabolic acid-base status.
  7. 14. A systemic condition characterized by a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration, driving the arterial pH above 7.45.
  8. 15. Water channel proteins located in the renal collecting ducts that are inserted in response to ADH to maximize water reabsorption.
  9. 17. An intravenous solution with an osmolality higher than intracellular fluid, causing water to shift out of cells and into the vasculature.
  10. 18. A low serum magnesium level often seen in chronic alcoholism, strongly associated with neuromuscular irritability and Torsades de Pointes.
  11. 19. The colloid osmotic pressure exerted specifically by proteins, notably albumin, that holds fluid inside the intravascular compartment.
  12. 20. An elevated serum potassium level that can induce life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, peaked T waves, and QRS widening.
Down
  1. 1. The category of acid (such as carbonic acid) that can be eliminated from the body as carbon dioxide gas via pulmonary ventilation.
  2. 2. The concentration of solutes per kilogram of water, serving as a major trigger for thirst and antidiuretic hormone release.
  3. 4. Specialized sensory organs in the carotid and aortic bodies that detect shifts in arterial pCO2 and pH to drive ventilation changes.
  4. 5. The physiological mechanism where the lungs or kidneys adjust their function to restore a normal pH during an acid-base imbalance.
  5. 7. A sign of latent tetany in hypocalcemia where inflating a blood pressure cuff causes carpopedal spasms of the hand.
  6. 9. Pressure-sensitive mechanoreceptors located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses that respond to changes in vascular stretch.
  7. 13. A form of diabetes caused by a deficiency of or resistance to ADH, leading to massive polyuria and severe volume depletion.
  8. 16. A systemic condition characterized by an excess of hydrogen ions, dropping the arterial blood pH below 7.35.
  9. 17. A low serum sodium level often caused by water excess, presenting clinically with neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures.