Puzzle 08: Neurodegenerative and Cerebrovascular Disorders

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Across
  1. 4. The neurochemical transmitter essential for memory and cognition that undergoes marked depletion in Alzheimer disease.
  2. 5. The ischemic zone of vulnerable but salvageable brain tissue surrounding the central necrotic core during an acute ischemic stroke.
  3. 7. The progressive narrowing and hardening of large intracranial or carotid arteries via fibrofatty plaque formations.
  4. 9. A traveling blood clot, air bubble, or fat globule that originates elsewhere in the body and migrates to occlude a cerebral artery.
  5. 13. An intracranial hemorrhage location usually caused by a ruptured berry aneurysm, classically presenting as a sudden, catastrophic 'thunderclap' headache. DOPAMINE The essential inhibitory neurotransmitter produced by the substantia nigra that is progressively depleted in Parkinson disease.
  6. 14. The structural architecture of cerebral vascular distribution (like the Circle of Willis) that dictates collateral perfusion options.
  7. 15. The pathological process where cellular ischemia triggers massive glutamate release, causing downstream lethal calcium influx.
  8. 17. A severe impairment of language production or comprehension resulting from acute ischemic damage to Broca or Wernicke areas.
  9. 19. The striking clinical slowness of physical movement characteristic of Parkinson disease, impacting gait initiation and facial expression.
  10. 20. A chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibody destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
  11. 21. The single most common mechanism of stroke, characterized by focal vascular occlusion depriving brain tissue of vital oxygen.
  12. 22. Involuntary, irregular, and unpredictable jerky body movements characteristic of hyperkinetic basal ganglia disorders like Huntington disease.
  13. 24. An acute neurological deficit resulting from sudden focal disruption of cerebral blood supply, classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic.
  14. 25. The most prevalent form of progressive dementia, structurally characterized by cortical atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques.
  15. 27. A state of increased muscle tone and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes resulting from upper motor neuron lesions in multiple sclerosis.
  16. 28. Abnormal intracellular accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that collapse the micro-tubular transport system in neurons.
Down
  1. 1. The specialized glial cells in the central nervous system that form the myelin sheath, which are progressively destroyed by autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis.
  2. 2. A general classification of movement disorders (like Parkinson disease) marked by decreased amplitude or frequency of motor output.
  3. 3. A slowly progressive neurodegenerative motor disorder clinically characterized by a resting pill-rolling tremor, rigidity, and postural instability.
  4. 6. A component of Horner syndrome caused by disruption of the sympathetic pathway to the eye, resulting in abnormal pupillary constriction.
  5. 7. The physiological mechanism where cerebral blood vessels dilate or constrict to maintain steady blood flow despite systemic pressure shifts.
  6. 8. The primary pathological process in multiple sclerosis where the protective myelin covering of central axons is stripped by inflammation.
  7. 10. An impairment of the physical muscles involved in speech production, causing slurred articulation without altering language grammar.
  8. 11. An abnormal extracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid protein fragments that disrupts synaptic transmission in Alzheimer disease.
  9. 12. The emergency medical breakdown of an occluding blood clot using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within strict stroke time windows.
  10. 16. An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricular system of the brain, elevating intracranial pressure.
  11. 18. A progressive, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary choreiform movements and severe cognitive decline.
  12. 23. A classification of stroke caused by structural rupture of a cerebral blood vessel, frequently secondary to chronic hypertension or aneurysm.
  13. 26. The characteristic abnormal stooped or flexed posture exhibited by patients during advanced stages of Parkinson disease.