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Across
  1. 3. Consolidated mixtures of minerals forming the Earth's crust.
  2. 8. The scientific study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, and processes.
  3. 10. The outermost layer of the Earth's structure.
  4. 11. A break in a material where there is no significant movement.
  5. 12. Molten rock, including dissolved gases and crystals, found beneath the Earth's surface.
  6. 15. (S) Wave: A type of seismic wave recorded by seismographs, typically slower than primary waves.
  7. 16. Crust: The thick, solid part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents and is not located under the oceans.
  8. 18. A fracture in the Earth's crust along which movement has occurred.
  9. 19. Tectonics: The theory explaining the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates, leading to geological phenomena like earthquakes, mountains, and volcanoes.
  10. 20. A device used to record seismic waves and detect earthquakes.
Down
  1. 1. The record produced by a seismograph, showing the ground motion during an earthquake.
  2. 2. BOUNDARY: A boundary where two tectonic plates move towards each other.
  3. 4. Boundary: A boundary where tectonic plates move away from each other.
  4. 5. VOLCANIC ARC: A chain of volcanoes located along the boundary of a continent.
  5. 6. (P) Wave: The first type of seismic wave recorded by seismographs.
  6. 7. Crust: The thinner part of the Earth's crust found beneath the oceans.
  7. 9. The shaking or vibration of the Earth's surface caused by the rapid release of energy.
  8. 13. Rigid sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move as distinct units.
  9. 14. Spot: A region in the Earth's mantle with elevated heat that can create magma and lead to volcanic activity.
  10. 17. Ridge: A long undersea mountain range formed by the upwelling of magma at divergent boundaries in the ocean.