Quarrying Terminology

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Across
  1. 3. the edge of the bench
  2. 4. a ledge that forms a single level of operation above which mineral or waste materials are mined to a bench face
  3. 5. maximum slope at which a heap of loose material will stand without sliding will vary for different materials and geological conditions
  4. 7. the volume of overburden that needs to be excavated to enable the ore/coal to be safely excavated without the danger of slope failure
  5. 9. the vertical face of the bench connecting the bench toe to the bench crest
  6. 10. the line defining the limit of economic excavation as defined on the ground surface. This may be defined as a result of exceeding the economic stripping ratio or the proximity to existing structures or property boundaries
Down
  1. 1. the angle in degrees between the horizontal and a line joining the bench toe to the bench crest
  2. 2. the base of the bench, either on the next bench down or onto the base of excavation
  3. 6. the angle in degrees between the horizontal and a line joining the bottom bench toe to the top bench crest
  4. 8. the vertical distance between the bench toe of a bench and the bench crest of the adjacent bench
  5. 9. the horizontal ledge within the ultimate pit wall slope