R Brown Ancient Middle East Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 4. A barter economy is a cashless economic system in which services and goods are traded at negotiated rates.
  2. 7. writing consisting of hieroglyphs.
  3. 8. composed of slim triangular or wedge-shaped elements, as the characters used in writing by the ancient Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and others.
  4. 9. the ancient Babylonians and Assyrians) a temple of Sumerian origin in the form of a pyramidal tower, consisting of a number of stories and having about the outside a broad ascent winding round the structure, presenting the appearance of a series of terraces.
  5. 10. a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats.
  6. 11. a high official in some Muslim countries, especially in Turkey under Ottoman rule
  7. 13. a medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision.
  8. 14. a ruler in ancient Egypt.
  9. 15. a system or stage of economic life in which money replaces barter in the exchange of goods
  10. 17. Mummification is an old-fashioned method of preparing a dead body so that it doesn't decay. Mummification was commonly used in ancient Egypt, not so much these days.
  11. 19. a line of hereditary rulers of a country.
Down
  1. 1. an agricultural region extending from the Levant to Iraq.
  2. 2. a black basalt stone found in 1799 that bears an inscription in hieroglyphics, demotic characters, and Greek and is celebrated for having given the first clue to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
  3. 3. 18th century b.c. or earlier, king of Babylonia.
  4. 5. an ancient region in W Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers: now part of Iraq.
  5. 6. a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
  6. 7. of persons or things ranked one above another.
  7. 12. the laws of a state or country dealing with criminal offenses and their punishments.
  8. 16. ancient region in southern Mesopotamia that contained a number of independent cities and city-states of which the first were established possibly as early as 5000 b.c.: conquered by the Elamites and, about 2000 b.c., by the Babylonians; a number of its cities, as Ur, Uruk, Kish, and Lagash, are major archaeological sites in southern Iraq.
  9. 18. the body of laws of a state or nation regulating ordinary private matters, as distinct from laws regulating criminal, political, or military matters.