Reaction & Revolution(Figures of)

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Across
  1. 6. Emperor of Austria and later Austro-Hungary, maintained conservative rule during nationalist uprisings (1848–1916).
  2. 8. British foreign secretary who led the Congress of Vienna to restore European stability after Napoleon.
  3. 11. Piedmont’s prime minister who used diplomacy and war to unify Italy under Victor Emmanuel II.
  4. 12. Prussian chancellor who unified Germany through realpolitik and wars (Austro-Prussian, Franco-Prussian).
  5. 13. French “Citizen King” who ruled after the July Revolution, leading a moderate monarchy until 1848.
  6. 14. Russian czar who enforced strict autocracy and Russification, suppressing liberal and nationalist movements.
Down
  1. 1. Russian czar who emancipated serfs in 1861 but faced resistance for limited reforms, assassinated in 1881.
  2. 2. King of Piedmont-Sardinia who became the first king of a unified Italy in 1861.
  3. 3. French diplomat who negotiated at the Congress of Vienna to protect French interests post-Napoleon.
  4. 4. III, French leader elected president in 1848, later emperor, modernized France but lost the Franco-Prussian War.
  5. 5. Austrian chancellor who dominated the Congress of Vienna, advocating conservative policies against revolution.
  6. 7. Russian czar who helped form the Quadruple Alliance and promoted the Holy Alliance to preserve monarchies.
  7. 8. French king restored after Napoleon’s defeat, ruling as a constitutional monarch during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830).
  8. 9. Italian revolutionary who led military campaigns, like the Expedition of the Thousand, to unify Italy.
  9. 10. Italian nationalist who founded Young Italy, inspiring the Risorgimento for Italian unification.
  10. 15. French king whose absolutist policies sparked the July Revolution of 1830, leading to his abdication.