Reason & Revolution

4. The political and social system in pre-revolutionary France characterized by absolute monarchy and a rigid social hierarchy.
5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, an Enlightenment philosopher emphasizing the social contract and citizen participation in government.
6. Individuals taking risks to start and operate a new business, aiming for innovation and financial success.
7. Resources (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship) used in the production of goods and services.
8. A formal statement of essential rights and liberties often included in a constitution, e.g., the U.S. Bill of Rights.
9. Associated with the Enlightenment, emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights.
12. The belief that a monarch's authority is derived from a higher power and not subject to earthly limitations.
13. Queen of France, wife of Louis XVI, symbolizing the excesses of the French aristocracy during the French Revolution.
14. A concept in international relations aiming for stability by preventing any single nation or alliance from becoming too powerful.
15. Radical social and political upheaval in France (1789-1799) marked by the overthrow of the monarchy and significant societal changes.
16. Scottish economist known for "The Wealth of Nations," advocating principles of free-market capitalism.

1. Independence movements in the early 19th century liberating Latin American countries from Spanish and Portuguese colonial rule.
2. Document declaring the thirteen American colonies' independence from British rule in 1776.
3. Period of economic, technological, and social change (late 18th century) shifting from agrarian to industrialized production.
10. Loyalty to one's nation and the pursuit of radical political or social changes.
11. Intellectual figure of the Enlightenment critically examining society, government, and human nature through philosophical discourse.