Reconstruction Era

3. A derogatory term used by Southern Democrats to describe Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party after the Civil War.
7. An 1877 informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era.
9. Ratified in 1868, this constitutional amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and provided them with equal protection under the laws.
10. Ratified in 1870, this amendment prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

1. Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict African Americans' freedom and compel them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
2. A federal agency established in 1865 to aid freed slaves and poor whites in the South by providing food, housing, education, and legal assistance.
4. State and local laws enacted in the Southern United States that enforced racial segregation and disenfranchised African Americans from the late 19th century into the 20th century.
5. The period from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War, during which the Southern states were reintegrated into the Union and the federal government enacted laws to rebuild the South and extend rights to freed slaves.
6. A system where freed slaves and poor whites farmed land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops, often leading to a cycle of debt and economic dependency.
8. A faction within the Republican Party during the Civil War and Reconstruction that advocated for the abolition of slavery, the defeat of the Confederacy, and rigorous reconstruction policies to guarantee civil rights to freed slaves.