Reconstruction-Jim Crow-Civil Rights Era Review

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Across
  1. 5. Moderate white leaders praised Booker T. Washington for his non-confrontational stance on racial issues. But some black leaders called him an “accommodationist” or “__________” for being content to wait for change and unwilling to challenge white supremacy. (p.11)
  2. 9. Booker T. Washington, a famous black leaders during the Jim Crow era, established an industrial school in Alabama, the ___________ Institute.
  3. 11. Founded in 1909, the ___________ became the channel for resisting Jim Crow in the court of law.
  4. 12. The policy known as "separate but equal" allowed Southern governments to segregate nearly every aspect of public life during the Jim Crow era.
  5. 13. This code of racial "_____________ meant African Americans had to look down or get off the sidewalk when they passed white people on the street during the Jim Crow era.
  6. 16. This pattern of black movement from the South to the North during Jim Crow was called the ________ ________.
  7. 19. Prior to helping establish the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, ______ _ ______ gained recognition for her publications exposing lynching.
  8. 21. This era began with the end of the Civil War in 1865 and ended in 1877.
  9. 22. A term that refers to the unlawful public executions of black people.
  10. 23. During Jim Crow, jails in the South filled up with black men who were arrested for _________, based on laws that made it illegal for adults to be unemployed.
Down
  1. 1. When the Supreme Court upheld Mississippi's new constitution in 1898, it legalized the use of _________ __________ and poll taxes to disenfranchise black voters.
  2. 2. In the Jim Crow era, 85 percent of African Americans worked on land owned by white planters, most as _____________.
  3. 3. Because the possibility of violent ___________ so great, that NAACP branches in Mississippi needed to operate almost entirely in secret.
  4. 4. During the Reconstruction period, over fifteen _____________ African Americans held political office, and sixteen African Americans were elected to the U.S. Congress. (p.4)
  5. 6. These "radical" congressmen believed the federal government needed to protect Black Americans from racist policies and violence, and ensure their right to vote.
  6. 7. In 1877, Congress came to this agreement to resolve the disputed election of 1876, and in doing so, ended Reconstruction policies and put President Rutherford B. Hayes in the Oval office.
  7. 8. African American citizens went to court to challenge the laws that restricted their ability to vote during the Jim Crow era.
  8. 10. Despite the lack of state support, black Mississippians believed that ___________ was key to improving their situation. They often raised funds among themselves and collected donations for schoolhouses and supplies.
  9. 14. Despite extreme danger, some black sharecroppers and farmers organized _______ and cooperatives to fight for their rights as workers.
  10. 15. This was a period of extreme segregation, inequality, and racial violence which lasted from 1890 to World War II.
  11. 17. Although the ________ was no “promised land,” Black migrants wrote letters to their families back home in the South, describing the freedom and dignity of their new lives.
  12. 18. Although most African Americans resented the injustice of Jim Crow laws, few black Mississippians wanted complete ___________. Racial separation gave them the opportunity to live apart from hostile whites. (p. 11)
  13. 20. When white businessmen and plantation owners asked the government to allow them to use prisoners as workers on plantations and railroads, and in mines and lumber camps, a new system known as __________ ___________ was born.