Regeneration and Stem Cells

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Across
  1. 3. Suckling stimulates hypothalamus which up-regulates oxytocin which in turn activates contraction of _____________ cells.
  2. 4. Colonial animals that can regenerate and grow from clusters of blood cells aggregated on patches of epithelial cells.
  3. 6. The intestinal stem cell produces all four types of cells found in the small intestine by the notch/delta mechanism with _____ cells expressing notch and secreting cells expressing delta.
  4. 8. Expressed by differentiated cells in the villus keeping them out of the crypt.
  5. 10. Large clusters of cells without cytokinesis.
  6. 13. This normally quiescent cell type resides on the same side of the basement membrane as skeletal muscle cells, expresses a muscle cadherin, and produces myoblast progenitors after extensive exercise.
  7. 15. An animal that can produce all cell types from three types of stem cells.
  8. 16. Can produce one cell type.
  9. 17. Epithelial stem cells have high _______ levels and low keratin levels.
  10. 18. A difusable factor secreted by muscle that represses myoblast proliferation.
  11. 19. Marks the ends of DNA chopped up by caspases reflecting cells undergoing apoptosis.
  12. 21. The result of environmental or divisional asymmetry during stem cell self-renewal.
  13. 23. Keratin is a marker for ______ as cells become more rigid and “skin-like”
  14. 26. The process by which a precursor cell acquires its final specialized characteristics and stops dividing.
  15. 29. Localized environment that maintains stem cells.
  16. 33. A process that regulates growth, physiological adaptation, and regeneration.
  17. 37. The use of vital dyes and labeled grafts to follow the progress of daughter cells.
  18. 38. The ___ pathway works in conjunction with hedgehog to promote proliferation in the intestinal crypt.
  19. 39. More differentiated epithial cells exhibit higher ______ levels and low integrin levels.
  20. 40. These fibers increase in size in muscles as training is done while the number is unchanged.
Down
  1. 1. Ability for cells to recover original form after injury.
  2. 2. Visualization method that utilizes bromo-deoxyuridine to label newly synthesized DNA and cells passing through the S-phase.
  3. 5. Three criteria: not terminally differentiated, capable of unlimited division, and is self-renewing.
  4. 7. The sorting of cells based on measure of immunofluorescence (fluorescent-antibodies) and charge. Capable of determining amount of protein present in a sample.
  5. 9. Movement of a cluster of cells to another region to observe the effect on cell proliferation.
  6. 11. Region of intestine that collects nutrients through terminally differentiated cells.
  7. 12. Region of intestinal epithelium in which cell proliferation occurs.
  8. 14. Expressed by proliferative and Paneth cells to keep them within the crypt.
  9. 20. Responsible for the production of both secretory epithelial and myoepithelial cells.
  10. 22. Cells that divide a limited number of times and are progressing towards terminal differentiation (aka transit-amplifying cells).
  11. 24. These cells increase in number in muscles as training is done.
  12. 25. Cells near the basal lamina exhibit _____ levels of integrin; cells have tighter bonds through cadherin junctions.
  13. 27. Growth factor responsible for mammary gland apoptosis, introduced after nine hours of no suckling.
  14. 28. Can produce all embryonic/adult cells and extra-embryonic cell types.
  15. 30. Differentiated cells present at the bottom of the intestinal crypt.
  16. 31. Can produce a subset of related cell types.
  17. 32. These transgenes can be used to drive multiple fluorescent protiens to allow lineage analysis
  18. 34. Visualization method that uses antibodies to reveal the location of proteins in cells
  19. 35. This cell type consists of secretory cells.
  20. 36. Can produce all embryonic/adult cells.
  21. 41. Is restricted to the villus and is activated by Wnt and hedgehog to inhibit the expression of both.