Regents Review Important Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. the phase change in which solid particles gain enough energy to turn into the liquid phase (also known as melting)
  2. 6. a unit that describes 6.02x1023 particles of something
  3. 7. the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
  4. 10. the site in an electrochemical cell where reduction occurs
  5. 12. the substance that dissolves the solute
  6. 14. a substance that produces hydronium ions (H3O+) as the only positive ion when dissolved in water
  7. 16. the stable valence electron configuration of eight electrons
  8. 19. the nuclear reaction that splits large nuclei into smaller nuclei and neutrons
  9. 20. a substance whose water solution conducts an electric current
  10. 24. the region in an atom where an electron is most likely to be located
  11. 26. the length of time for half of a given sample of a radioisotope to decay
  12. 27. a substance formed in a chemical reaction, shown on the right of a reaction arrow
  13. 30. a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system
  14. 35. the state in which the electrons of an atom occupy higher energy levels while the lower energy levels are not filled.
  15. 39. the changing of a nucleus of one element into that of a different element
  16. 42. the site in an electrochemical cell where oxidation occurs
  17. 43. the attraction of a hydrogen atom in one molecule for a N, O, or F atom in another molecule
  18. 46. the reaction of an alkali and a fat to produce glycerol and a soap
  19. 47. a substance composed to two or more elements that are chemically combined in definite proportions by mass
  20. 52. a _________ bond is formed by the unequal sharing of a pair of electrons between two nuclei
  21. 53. a mixture in which the substances are not uniformly distributed
  22. 56. the subatomic particle located in the nucleus that has a mass of 1 and no charge
  23. 58. a measure of the attraction of a nucleus for a bonded electron
  24. 62. one of two or more different forms of an element in the same phase
  25. 63. the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom
  26. 65. the positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
  27. 66. a starting substance in a reaction, shown on the left of a reaction arrow
  28. 69. a mixture in which the substances are uniformly distributed
  29. 74. the phase change in which a gas changes directly into a solid
  30. 75. one of a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons
  31. 76. a transmutation caused by bombarding a nucleus with a high-energy particle, such as a neutron or an alpha particle
  32. 77. a part of a voltaic cell that connects two containers and allows the flow of ions
  33. 78. an unstable nucleus that is radioactive
  34. 79. a chemical reaction that releases heat, shown by a negative heat of reaction
  35. 80. the property of metals that allows them to be hammered into shapes
Down
  1. 1. an ________ bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
  2. 2. substances that cannot be broken down or decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means
  3. 3. the amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely held electron from a neutral atom
  4. 5. the substance being dissolved
  5. 8. a phase of matter without definite shape or volume
  6. 9. a reaction in which the composition of a substance is changed
  7. 11. a chemical reaction between an alcohol and an acid to produce an ester and water
  8. 13. matter is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
  9. 15. a cell that requires electricity to cause a nonspontaneous chemical reaction to occur
  10. 17. the state in which the electrons of an atom occupy the lowest available energy levels
  11. 18. a chemical reaction that absorbs heat, shown by a positive heat of reaction
  12. 21. a condition in which the rates of opposing reactions are equal
  13. 22. a solution that contains more solute than can dissolve in a saturated solution at a given temperature
  14. 23. an _________________ organic compound contains one or more double or triple bonds
  15. 25. one of a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one double bond
  16. 28. a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two nuclei
  17. 29. a phase of matter with definite volume but no definite shape
  18. 31. the amount of energy needed to start a reaction and form an activated complex from reactants
  19. 32. a measure of how much solute will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a specific temperature
  20. 33. the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
  21. 34. a change that does not alter the chemical properties of the substance
  22. 36. the simplest whole number ratio in which atoms combine to form compounds
  23. 37. a horizontal row on the periodic table
  24. 38. the loss of electrons and an increase in oxidation state
  25. 40. _____________ solution: a solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature
  26. 41. a __________ organic compound contains only single covalent bonds
  27. 44. the phase change in which a solid changes directly into a gas
  28. 45. a __________ bond is formed by the equal sharing of a pair of electrons between two nuclei
  29. 48. the nuclear reaction that combines light nuclei into a heavier nucleus
  30. 49. organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
  31. 50. the gain of electrons and the loss of oxidation number
  32. 51. a covalently bonded group of atoms that have a net electric charge
  33. 54. a reaction in which one element replaces a less reactive element in a compound
  34. 55. the organic reaction in which many small units are joined together to form a long chain
  35. 57. the measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance’s particles
  36. 59. one of a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one triple bond
  37. 60. a diagram that shows valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol
  38. 61. base, a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ion when dissolved in water
  39. 64. the reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt
  40. 67. an electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous chemical reaction causes a flow of electrons
  41. 68. _____________ solution: a solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature
  42. 70. the laboratory process of determining the concentration of an unknown solution by a reaction with a solution of known concentration
  43. 71. an element that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties
  44. 72. compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements
  45. 73. a vertical column on the periodic table