Renaissance Review

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425
Across
  1. 1. Year in which Ferdinand and Isabella sent Columbus on his first voyage, defeated the last Muslim kingdom of Spain, and evicted the Jews from Spain
  2. 5. A major cause of population decline in Europe in the late Middle Ages. Reactions to this event helped set the stage for the Renaissance
  3. 8. Spanish monarchs from Aragon and Castille whose marriage helped to unite the nations of Spain
  4. 10. Conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire
  5. 11. Name given to a philosophy from the Italian Renaissance that emphasized ancient Greece and Rome and advocated for people to cultivate a broad set of virtues
  6. 14. An Italian political philosopher whose ruthless, non-Christian advice was aimed at helping rulers maintain their power
  7. 15. Treaty between Spain and Portugal, backed by the pope, which divided the New World into two parts
  8. 16. Politician, philosopher, and statesman from ancient Rome whose ideas helped fuel Italian Renaissance Humanism
  9. 17. an astronomical instrument which helped determine a ship’s latitude and which enabled European exploration during the Renaissance
  10. 18. the name of powerful offices set up in Spain and Rome for the purpose of rooting out heresy in their boarders
  11. 19. The name given to a person who paid commissions for the creation of works of art, usually in order to obtain greater prestige
  12. 20. Portuguese king who founded schools of navigation and under whose influence Portugal began its overseas empire
  13. 21. An Italian city-state ruled by the Medici which was one of the homes of the Italian Renaissance
  14. 22. Dutch Northern Humanist thinker from who attempted to blend Christianity and Italian Humanism and who defended Catholicism against Luther
  15. 23. Italian scholar whose rediscovery of Cicero’s letters is often credited as one of the major causes of the Renaissance
  16. 24. A period in the late Middle Ages during which there were rival popes living in Rome and the French city of Avignon
  17. 25. Italian High Renaissance painter whose works like “The School of Athens” exemplified the balance and emphasis on classical themes typical of Renaissance art
Down
  1. 1. Conflict between France and England in the century before the Renaissance which led both nations to have stronger central monarchies
  2. 2. system enacted as a part of Triangular Trade to help create a labor force in the New World
  3. 3. Europeans brought these to the New World and as a result up to 90% of indigenous populations died
  4. 4. an organization of north German towns and merchants that dominated commerce in northern Europe from the 1200s to the 1400s. They came into conflict with the Dutch late in their history
  5. 6. Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire who fought against Protestantism at its beginning and eventually split his empire into Spanish and Austrian halves.
  6. 7. A powerful family from Florence whose banking activities funded many activities in Europe during the Renaissance
  7. 9. invention by Johannes Gutenberg which enabled the rapid spread of ideas in the Renaissance
  8. 12. the widespread transfer of people, crops, animals, and diseases between the New World and the Old World
  9. 13. Northern Humanist thinker from England who envisioned a perfect Christian Utopia, who was later executed by his former student Henry VIII