Renal Physiology Crossword 2025

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Across
  1. 5. Myogenic autoregulation is also called______ effect. (7) (OTCN 2E p41)
  2. 6. pH at which acid is half ionized is called____. (2)
  3. 8. & Rector 11E P250)
  4. 12. No sodium is reabsorbed in the ____ _______ limb. (4, 10) (Deranged Physiology)
  5. 13. Water impermeable ____ is a critical component of the renal countercurrent multiplication system.
  6. 15. inhibits Na -glucose cotransport by competing with glucose for its binding site. (9) (Schrier’s Diseases of Kidney 9E P 197)
  7. 17. NKCC2 is expressed in thick ascending limb and also in _____ _____cells. (6, 5)
  8. 19. The exact amount of sodium absorbed in _____ is said to be "load-dependent"i.e. the tubule will remove 80% of the sodium which gets delivered to it, and the more sodium you deliver, the greater the rate of its removal will become, in order to maintain this 80% ratio. (3) (abbreviation) (Deranged Physiology)
  9. 21. TmG is used clinically to estimate the number of functional______ (8, plural form)
  10. 23. Kidneys filter and process entire plasma approximately _____ times a day. (5) (OTCN4E P1738)
  11. 24. Before the development of in vitro micro perfusion studies, the ______urimary bladder proved to be an invaluable model for understanding the basis mechanisms of distal nephron acid secretion.(6) (p 29, Brenner Acid-Base)
  12. 25. Solute extraction from the ascending limb leads to increased interstitial osmolality and water extraction from the descending limb - is generally referred to as the ____ effect. (6)
  13. 27. The classic sequence of diagrams to explain the countercurrent multiplication is given by _____. (5) (LR John P415)
  14. 29. Most of the sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule is by
  15. 30. The channel which expels potassium into the lumen in thick ascending limb is ____ (4) (abbreviation)
Down
  1. 1. Most of the chloride reabsorbed never enters the cell, but reabsorbed through_______. (12)
  2. 2. Expanded_____ is the mechanism of the glycosuria B (5)
  3. 3. A normal person’s kidney is of size of____. (4)
  4. 4. A countercurrent multiplication and exchange system (similar to that for NaCl) is responsible for the accumulation of ______ in the medullary interstitium. (7) (OTCN 2E P851)
  5. 6. Amphotericin B a polyene antifungal, increases the permeability of the luminal membrane to Na in _____ tubule and causes a large rise in net sodium absorption. (8) (Schrier’s Diseases of Kidney P 196)
  6. 7. exchanger (8) (Deranged Physiology)
  7. 8. (abbrev) (P 170 Brenner & Rector 11E)
  8. 9. Any secreted H+ that combines with HCO3 in the lumen to bring about HCO3 reabsorption does ____ contribute to the urinary excretion of acid. (3) (NMS P464)
  9. 10. the shape of the podocyte (7) (Schrier’s Diseases of Kidney 9E p5)
  10. 11. The mechanism od maintenance of the bicarbonate balance is H2CO3_______ H+ secretion. (7) (Best & Taylor)
  11. 14. Major titratable buffer of urine is ______ buffer. (9) (Glassock & Massry P394)
  12. 16. Regardless type of the nephron the thick ascending limbs are found in______ medulla. (5) (Glassock & Massry)
  13. 18. The NA+K+ATP are on the basolateral membrane maintaining cell Na + concentration at a lower level, which provides a driving force for Na+ entry into the cell. The approximate Na+ gradient between the lumen and cell is ______________ fold. (3) (P 24 Brenner Acid-Base)
  14. 20. The classic Johansen and _____ model for salt reabsorption involves passive entry of Na across apical membranes and extrusion across the basolateral membrane by Na ,K –ATPase. (6) (Schrier’s Diseases of Kidney P 198)
  15. 22. Essentially all the H+ within the tubular lumen is from_________ of H+ (9)
  16. 23. Osmolality is preferred to osmolarity; it refers to the number of osmoles due to solutes in kilogram of________. (7)
  17. 26. The inner medullary collecting duct is highly permeable to urea in the presence of ____. (3) (abbrev) (Berne & Levy P606)
  18. 28. Half of the medullary interstitium is contributed by_____. (4) (Berne & Levy P606)