Research Methods

Across

2. Like a questionnaire but questions are presented aurally. They can be structured, semi-structured or unstructured, each offering a different level of organisation and control
3. Things that change in the research
5. This type of experiment is run in carefully controlled conditions (variables are carefully controlled)
6. A type of sampling for observations where all occurrences of the behaviour are recorded
8. A sampling technique where you advertise for people to help you, e.g. for a small fee
9. This basically means writing your hypothesis in a way that makes it clear how the dependent variable will be measured
11. Anything other than the independent variable that may influence the dependent variable is this type of variable
15. A type of experimental design where each participant takes part in both conditions of the experiment
17. A sampling technique where you ask anyone you can find to participate
19. Why the researchers were carrying out their project
20. Any information and data provided by the participant must be confidential
22. Choose this hypothesis if you have an idea of what might happen, perhaps from previous research
24. This is an experiment that does not allow random allocation of participants to either experimental condition
26. A measure of central tendency where you put the values in numerical order. The central number is this
27. Like an independent group design, but you carefully match members of each group
28. Participants must be told what they will be doing and why they are doing it so they can provide this
30. The most common (or frequent) data value
31. Participants should not be deceived unless absolutely necessary. If this is required, great care and careful consideration must be given to the project
32. A type of experimental design where you have two separate groups of participants
35. This is what the researchers measure, what they write down or record
36. A measure of central tendency where you add up the numbers and divide by how many numbers there were
37. A systematic and detailed investigation of a single individual
38. After the experiment is complete, participants must be informed of the motivations for the experiment. They must be given the chance to ask any questions they have
39. A type of observation used in the analysis of the content of text or other media like film, or even a conversation

Down

1. A type of sampling for observations where you record behaviours for short time intervals
4. A list of pre-written questions. Open questions are those where free responses are allowed. Closed questions are those where alternative responses are offered
7. A technique that shows whether or not two variables are associated
10. Participants should be free to leave the experiment at any time
12. The safety and well-being of the participant must be protected at all times
13. This refers to the consistency of the research. Can the research be replicated? i.e. if it were carried out again would you find the same things?
14. Features of the research may cause participants to change their behaviour, e.g. participants might find clues as to what the study is about
16. A small-scale version of the investigation. It is useful because it checks to see if the procedure does what it is supposed to, allowing problems to be 'ironed out'
18. A type of experiment where variables are manipulated in a natural environment like a town centre, or in an office, depending on your investigation
21. The age, gender, ethnicity or behaviour of the researcher may influence the participant
23. A naturally occurring independent variable is utilised (i.e. towns with more students are 'friendlier' than towns with less)
25. This turns the aim into a statement that can be tested
29. This method involves the careful watching and recording of events and behaviours occurring naturally
33. Does the test or research actually do what it claims to? If it does, we say it has this
34. A sampling technique where everyone in a population has an equal chance of being selected