Respiratory System Glossary Terms

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Across
  1. 1. the maximum amount of oxygen per minute that can be taken in, transported to, and used by the working muscles to produce ATP
  2. 4. this involuntary or smooth muscle contracts and relaxes to aid breathing. As it moves up and down, the chest cavity decreases and increases in size, causing breathing
  3. 6. brings air from the atmosphere into the lungs, transfers oxygen into the blood, removes carbon dioxide from the blood, expels heat and water vapour in the air breathed out, allows the vocal cords to create speech as air is breathed out
  4. 10. the amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs in one breath, approximately 500 ml at rest, but can increase dramatically during exercise
  5. 13. the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
  6. 14. The trachea divides into two of these, with each having the same characteristics as the trachea. Each one feeds one of the lungs.
  7. 19. the rib cage, expanding the volume of the chest cavity
  8. 22. the maximal amount of air that can be inspired after a normal inspiration
  9. 24. the movement from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
  10. 25. the volume of air that can be held in the lungs after maximum inspiration. It is approximately 6 litres for males and 4.2 litres for females.
Down
  1. 2. the maximal amount of air that can be expired after a normal expiration
  2. 3. The amount of oxygen being taken in, transported to and utilised by the body for ATP. This increases linearly with exercise intensity, but will not increase further once maximum levels are achieved (VO2)
  3. 5. is more evident in males with their ‘Adam’s apple’. contains the vocal cords that create the voice as air passes through them.
  4. 7. covers each lung. The gap between the membrane and each lung is filled with a fluid that allows the lung to expand and contract with each breath, with minimal friction between the lung and its surrounding body tissue. It is attached to the inside of the chest cavity and to the top of the diaphragm.
  5. 8. the number of breathes taken per minute
  6. 9. microscopic cup-shaped sacs at the ends of the smallest bronchiole. Each is only one cell thick and surrounded by a rich network of capillaries that continually exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide and water
  7. 11. The initial pathway for air from outside the body, air is warmed and moistened to be more readily used by the body’s interior, has layers of tissue called septa that are covered with cilia, which are small hair-like fibres that filter foreign particles from the air as it enters the respiratory tracts
  8. 12. Each bronchus sub-divides into a series of further sub-dividing ___________, similar to an inverted tree, with its main trunk moving to a series of ever-diminishing branches, then to the leaves
  9. 15. the movement of air out of the lungs to the external environment(breathing out) when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, pushes up and creates a dome shape
  10. 16. gas exchange at the lungs where oxygen moves from an area of high concentration in the lungs to an area of low concentration in the capillaries and carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the lungs
  11. 17. the amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs in one minute and is calculated by V=TVxRR
  12. 18. Often referred to as the windpipe, constructed of rings of hyaline cartilage enclosed by other cartilage and tissue
  13. 20. the amount of air left in the lungs at the end of a conscious, maximal expiration. This is the same amount whether the individual is at rest or during maximal exertion
  14. 21. section of the throat where the backs of the mouth and nose combine. The food is channelled into the oesophagus, while the air moves into the larynx. The air is further warmed here using similar methods as in the nose.
  15. 23. the movement of air from the external environment into the lungs (breathing in) when the diaphragm contracts, pulls downwards