Revision unit 5 AS Level

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Across
  1. 4. Long-term loans for purchasing property for business premises, with the property as collateral security on the loan.
  2. 5. A bank arrangement allowing a business to withdraw funds beyond the account balance up to a set limit, when required.
  3. 7. Loans that do not need repayment for at least one year.
  4. 11. An asset pledged by a business to a lender that can be sold if the loan is unpaid.
  5. 15. Raising finance from the business’s own assets or retained earnings.
  6. 17. Profit after tax retained in a company rather than paid out to shareholders as dividends.
  7. 23. when administrators manage a business that is unable to pay its debts, intending to sell it as a going concern.
  8. 26. The funds an entrepreneur needs to set up a business.
  9. 28. The sum of variable and fixed costs.
  10. 29. Using the previous year’s budget as a base, adjusted for the current year.
  11. 33. The output level where total costs equal total revenue, resulting in no profit or loss made.
  12. 34. Unpaid customer bills very unlikely ever to be paid.
  13. 36. Existing shareholders are offered the right to buy additional shares at a discounted price.
  14. 38. Spending on all costs and assets, other than non-current assets, including wages, salaries, and inventory.
  15. 40. Money required for short periods up to one year.
  16. 41. Raising finance from sources outside the business, such as banks.
  17. 43. A section of a business (e.g., department, product), that incurs costs.
  18. 44. Costs that remain constant (not vary) regardless of output level in the short term.
  19. 45. Selling of claims over trade receivables (debtors) to a specialist (debt factor) in exchange for immediate liquidity.
  20. 46. Assets that are cash or can be converted to cash within 12 months (e.g., inventory and trade receivables or debtors).
  21. 47. Costs that can be directly identified with each unit of production, and can be allocated to specific cost centers.
  22. 48. Selling off a business’s assets for cash to pay off suppliers and other creditors, often as part of closing down operations.
  23. 49. The capital needed for day-to-day business operations, including raw materials and credit to customers.
Down
  1. 1. The amount by which current output exceeds the break-even output level.
  2. 2. Money required for periods longer than one year.
  3. 3. An estimate of future cash inflows and outflows of a business.
  4. 6. Planning future activities by setting performance targets, especially financial ones.
  5. 8. Debts that usually have to be paid within a year.
  6. 9. A deviation from the budget leading to lower-than-planned profit.
  7. 10. Costs that change (vary) with output levels.
  8. 12. Total cost divided by the number of units produced.
  9. 13. Calculation of differences between budgets and actual figures, and analysis of reasons for such differences. (Comparing budgeted figures to actual results, identifying reasons for differences.)
  10. 14. Obtaining the use of an asset and paying a rental fee (leasing charge) over a set period, avoiding long-term capital expenditure. The asset id owned by the leasing company.
  11. 16. High-risk capital invested in startups or expanding small businesses with strong profit potential but limited access to traditional funding.
  12. 18. Permanent finance (capital) raised by companies through the sale of shares.
  13. 19. Assets kept and used by the business for more than one year.
  14. 20. Financial services provided to poor and low-income customers who lack access to traditional banking.
  15. 21. The value of revenue from goods sold minus the costs involved.
  16. 22. The purchase of non-current assets, such as buildings and machinery, expected to last over a year.
  17. 24. The ability of a business to pay short-term debts.
  18. 25. A segment of a business to which both costs and revenues can be attributed (allocated), so profit can be calculated.
  19. 27. The price of a product minus its direct (variable) production costs.
  20. 30. Raising small amounts of capital from many individuals to finance a new business venture.
  21. 31. The legal procedure for liquidating a business (or sole trader’s assets) to settle debts that current assets can not fully pay.
  22. 32. An agreement to purchase an asset through fixed repayments over time; ownership transfers upon the final payment.
  23. 35. A change (deviation) from the budget leading to higher-than-planned profit.
  24. 37. Long-term bonds issued by companies to raise debt finance, typically with a fixed interest rate.
  25. 39. Costs that can not be identified with a specific production unit or cost centers.
  26. 42. Expanding a business rapidly without obtaining all of the necessary finance, resulting in a cash flow shortage (Rapid business expansion without securing adequate finance, leading to cash flow issues).