ridge Math 8 (Pre-Algebra) Vocabulary Review

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  1. 1. NUMBER The set of numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. INTEGERS The set of whole numbers and their opposites. RATIONAL NUMBER Any number that can be expressed as a fraction a/b, where b is not 0. IRRATIONAL NUMBERS Numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction, like pi or the square root of 2. BASE The number or variable being multiplied when a number is raised to a power. EXPONENT The number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION A way of writing very large or very small numbers using powers of 10. PRODUCT OF A POWER PROPERTY To multiply powers with the same base, you add the exponents. QUOTIENT OF A POWER PROPERTY To divide powers with the same base, you subtract the exponents. RATIO A comparison of two quantities by division. RATE A ratio that compares two quantities with different units of measure. UNIT RATE A rate in which the second quantity in the comparison is one unit (e.g., miles per hour). PROPORTION An equation that states that two ratios are equal. CONSTANT A fixed value that does not change; often the y-intercept in a linear relationship. PROPORTIONALITY A relationship between two quantities where their ratio remains constant. RATE OF CHANGE A ratio that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another (e.g., speed). SLOPE The measure of a line's steepness; rise over run. LINEAR EQUATION An equation whose graph is a straight line. X INTERCEPT The point where a line crosses the x-axis. Y INTERCEPT The point where a line crosses the y-axis. SLOPE INTERCEPT FORM The form y = mx + b for a linear equation. SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS Two or more equations with the same variables that are solved simultaneously. FUNCTION A relationship where every input has exactly one output. INPUT The x-value that is substituted into a function. OUTPUT The result of a function after the input has been processed (the y-value). DOMAIN The set of all possible input values (x) for a function. RANGE The set of all possible output values (y) for a function. ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY Property stating that the grouping of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY Property stating that the order in which two numbers are added or multiplied does not change the result. DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY Property used to multiply a single term by two or more terms inside a set of parentheses.
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