Rise of France

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Across
  1. 2. Germanic tribe granted southern Gaul by Rome after defeating a Roman army in 378 CE.
  2. 5. Holy Land city captured in 1191 during the Third Crusade with help from Philip II Augustus.
  3. 8. Majority population of ancient France whose religious leaders were Druids.
  4. 9. Devastating Black Death epidemic from 1346 to 1353 that struck Avignon.
  5. 13. Norse leader granted land in northern France in 911 CE who became the first leader of the Normans.
  6. 14. Religious order founded by St. Dominic to convert Cathars through theological teaching.
  7. 15. Norse Viking leader who sailed up the Seine River to attack Paris in 845 CE.
  8. 17. Religious division starting in 1378 resulting in rival popes claiming authority in Rome and Avignon.
  9. 18. Pope who resisted taxation of clergy by Philip IV and issued the Unam Sanctam.
  10. 20. Germanic tribe that migrated to northern Gaul and established the Merovingian Dynasty.
  11. 21. Frankish king proclaimed Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in 800 CE.
  12. 23. Duke of the Franks who became king in 987 AD, replacing the Carolingians.
  13. 24. Ancient region name used by Romans for France.
  14. 25. Roman general who conquered Gaul between 58 and 50 BCE.
  15. 26. Dualist religious movement in southern France also known as the Albigensian Heresy.
  16. 27. Frankish king known as the Short who started the Carolingian Dynasty.
  17. 28. Parisian fortress constructed under Philip II that later became a world famous museum.
Down
  1. 1. Scholar who labeled the Avignon Papacy as the Babylonian Captivity of the Church.
  2. 3. Paris chapel built by Louis IX to house holy relics including the Crown of Thorns.
  3. 4. Judicial system established by Pope Gregory IX in 1234 to investigate doctrinal errors.
  4. 6. Treaty signed in 843 CE that divided the Carolingian Empire into three parts.
  5. 7. Frankish leader around 500 CE who was the first Germanic ruler to convert to Catholicism.
  6. 10. French city that hosted the papal court from 1309 to 1377.
  7. 11. Site of the 732 CE battle where Charles Martel halted Muslim expansion.
  8. 12. Pivotal 1214 battle in Flanders where Philip II secured French territory against King John.
  9. 14. Priestly leaders of the Celts who were known as enemies of Rome.
  10. 16. Paleolithic cave art location dating from 17,000 to 22,000 years ago.
  11. 18. Germanic and Celtic cultural group located in northeast France and modern Belgium.
  12. 19. Southwestern France residents related to the Basque people of Spain.
  13. 22. Powerful medieval woman who served as Queen of France and later Queen of England.