RNA biology

3. Catalytic RNA molecule capable of accelerating chemical reactions without being a protein.
4. Small endogenous RNA (~22 nt) that represses gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding target mRNAs.
5. Mechanism of sequence-specific gene silencing using small RNAs (discovery awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine).
10. 3′ mRNA feature that enhances stability and translation efficiency via polyadenylation.
12. Process of synthesizing a polypeptide using an mRNA template on the ribosome.
13. RNase III enzyme that cleaves double-stranded RNA into small RNAs such as siRNAs and miRNAs.

1. Large RNA–protein complex enabling exon removal
2. RNA that carries coding information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
6. Site of pri-miRNA processing
7. Untranslated region of mRNA that regulates localization, stability, and rate of translation.
8. Short interfering RNA often used experimentally to knock down specific gene expression.
9. Core protein family in RNA interference; binds small RNAs within RISC to mediate silencing.
11. RNA-induced silencing complex; effector complex that uses small RNAs to recognize and silence target RNAs.