RNA Viruses: Respiratory and Direct Contact

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Across
  1. 5. antigenic shift can allow flu strains to jump from __________ to humans
  2. 6. this virus has symptoms similar to measles, but is generally less severe and can cause birth defects if a pregnant individual passes it to their child
  3. 10. multiple drugs are used in the treatment of HIV to prevent this
  4. 12. this HIV enzyme integrates viral DNA into the host cell genome, and can be targeted by HIV medications
  5. 13. inflamed salivary glands
  6. 16. viruses in this group are also spread via the fecal-oral route and can cause conditions such as meningitis, exanthems, and "summer flu"
  7. 17. the respiratory __________ virus commonly causes potentially-serious respiratory infections in children
  8. 20. the more virulent strain of HIV is HIV __________
  9. 21. an __________ is an illness outbreak on a more local scale
  10. 23. these enveloped viruses can cause respiratory diseases ranging from mild to severe and are named for the "crown-like" protein projections on their surface
  11. 25. this processes is the accumulation of minor genomic changes over time
  12. 28. it is speculated that coronaviruses are spread via direct contact (from fomites) and __________
  13. 29. the orthomyxoviruses have ssRNA genomes that are __________ into eight separate molecules
  14. 32. another name for measles
  15. 33. one group of HIV medications works to inhibit the viral __________
  16. 35. HIV infects monocytes, CNS cells, and __________
  17. 36. these enveloped viruses are most often associated with croup and, very rarely, with pneumonia
  18. 37. in addition to respiratory transmission, mumps, RSV, and human metapneumovirus can all be spread via contact with __________
  19. 38. this enveloped virus causes an acute, self-limiting disease characterized by parotitis, high fever, and fatigue
  20. 39. the host of this virus is believed to be bats; it causes a severe hemorrhagic fever that is fatal in 80% of cases and spreads via contaminated blood and secretions
Down
  1. 1. this process involves the acquisition of new viral genes, leading to major antigenic change usually associated with multi-strain viral co-infection
  2. 2. this family of viruses includes Ebola and Marburg virus
  3. 3. a highly contagious virus that has an envelope and causes a disease characterized by a cough, sneezing, fever, and rash
  4. 4. influenza A strains are named on the basis of their hemagglutinin (HA) and __________ (NA) properties, i.e. H1N1
  5. 7. the family of viruses that includes influenza A, B, and C
  6. 8. some HIV medications work by blocking the function of this RNA-associated protein
  7. 9. this virus can be transmitted via body fluids or respiratory droplets, and it causes a hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate of 23-90%, and was first identified during an outbreak in Germany
  8. 11. in addition to blood contact, hepatitis C can be spread via __________ contact
  9. 14. the human __________ is similar to RSV in that it causes respiratory illness primarily in children
  10. 15. the more severe type of seasonal flu is caused by __________
  11. 18. this HIV enzyme cuts up synthesized viral polypeptide chains and can be targeted by HIV medications that block its function
  12. 19. this virus causes liver inflammation that often becomes chronic and/or oncogenic, and is primarily transmitted via blood
  13. 22. disseminated __________ coagulation is a clotting disorder that has been seen in conjunction with COVID-19 infections, and can lead to complications such as stroke and heart attack
  14. 23. Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) can cause T-cell __________ and spastic paraparesis
  15. 24. these types of viruses have ssRNA genomes that use reverse transcriptase to convert viral RNA back into DNA
  16. 26. a distinctive feature of a measles infection is the presence of __________'s spots in the mouth
  17. 27. a __________ is an illness outbreak on a global scale
  18. 30. another name for rubella
  19. 31. partial paralysis of the legs
  20. 34. this virus causes the common cold and is cultured at a reduced temperature