Roman Empire Vocabulary

4. Three major conflicts (264-146 BCE) between Rome and Carthage that ended with Rome's destruction of Carthage.
7. One of two annually elected chief magistrates who held supreme civil and military authority in the Roman Republic.
10. A member of Rome's common class who gradually gained political rights through struggles with patricians.
11. The powerful advisory council composed mainly of patricians and former magistrates that guided Roman policy.
12. The primary unit of the Roman army, typically comprising 4,000-6,000 trained infantry soldiers plus cavalry.
13. The Roman system of government where power was held by elected officials and the Senate rather than a monarch (509-27 BCE).
14. A political alliance of three powerful men who effectively ruled Rome (both First and Second Triumvirates).
16. The brilliant Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with elephants to invade Italy during the Second Punic War.

1. An elected official who represented and protected plebeian interests, with the power to veto legislation.
2. A wealthy North African maritime empire that competed with Rome for Mediterranean dominance.
3. The military commander and political leader who ended the Republic by making himself dictator of Rome.
5. Julius Caesar's adopted heir who became Rome's first emperor, establishing the Principate system.
6. An engineering marvel that transported water via elevated channels to supply Roman cities.
8. A member of Rome's hereditary noble class who initially held most political power and wealth.
9. The long period of relative peace and stability throughout the Roman Empire (27 BCE - 180 CE).
15. The economic crisis of the 3rd century CE when Roman currency was devalued due to decreased silver content.