SBurrell-H1abc-Voc

4. created to unite people of African descent world-wide; movement led to organization of the African Union; members mostly from the US or Europe with a few influential black Africans
7. white South African president; released Nelson Mandela from prison; worked with Mandela to end apartheid
9. system of government only practiced in South Africa; minority race in power practiced segregation and racial prejudice
10. loose organization of African states (countries); originally developed to promote peace, security, and stability (economic/government); like the United Nations but just for African countries
11. war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country
13. strong feeling of pride and devotion to a nation (country)
14. 1961; established independence from British rule and continued apartheid system of government

1. black South African lawyer; imprisoned for 27 years for leading the fight to end apartheid; first black South African president (1994)
2. late 1800s and early 1900s; artificial political boundaries created by colonial rulers; caused instability, conflict, and civil wars
3. 1960; British gradually gave citizens more representation in government and eventually independence
5. boundaries of countries that are recognized by other countries
6. "Scramble for Africa"; European powers scrambled to divide Africa and its resources; late 1884-1885; Britain and France claimed the most territory
8. 1963; British protectorate; many Europeans already there because of the good soil; Mau Mau uprising (7 years) led to independence; Jomo Kenyatta-first post-colonial leader
12. movements for independence in Africa; Pan-Africanists attended conferences that inspired them to lead the movements