Science

4. Crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, inner core
6. Places like Hawaii where volcanic activity on the seabed, often near the boundaries of the tectonic plates that form earth’s crust
10. the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
11. Remnents of past life on Earth now turned rock
12. Super continents that lasted from late paleozoic era until the late triassic period
14. Shifting of tectonic plates
15. Proposed the idea of seafloor spreading around the ocean ridges

1. Caused by two tectonic plates rubbing together
2. Upper part of the mantle, commonly referred to as the earth’s crust
3. Helped create the first scientific map of the ocean floor
5. the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
7. Sections of the Earths crust, constantly ever so slowly shifting around.
8. Heated rocks turned liquid from extreme heat from the core
9. Convection currents occur when a reservoir of fluid is heated at the bottom, and allowed to cool at the top.. Heat causes the fluid to expand, decreasing its density. If there is cooler material on top, it will be more compact and therefore, will sink to the bottom. The heated material will rise to the top.
13. Area of the Earth's mantle from which hot plumes rise upward, forming volcanoes on the overlying crust.