Science

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Across
  1. 1. a diagram that depicts the biological relationships between an organism and its ancestors
  2. 5. limiting factors on a population not derived from organisms; natural disasters, lack of water, extreme heat, etc
  3. 11. the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water; products are glucose and oxygen
  4. 13. monomer is simple sugars(glucose, fructose, galactose) and monosaccharides, example is cellulose and starch, function is short term energy source/storage
  5. 15. a naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds; used for building structures in cells and acting as enzymes
  6. 16. the male fertilizing organ of a flower, typically consisting of a pollen–containing anther and a filament
  7. 18. a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically
  8. 19. an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae)
  9. 20. a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding; can produce fertile offspring
  10. 21. limiting factors to a population that are derived from organisms; too many predators, too little prey, too much competition
  11. 23. the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a stigma, and usually a style. It may occur singly or as one of a group
  12. 25. the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
  13. 26. having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid
  14. 27. symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved
  15. 32. any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus, has membrane–bound organelles
  16. 33. the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves
  17. 35. the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes
  18. 37. any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width which allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces; purpose is gas exchange
  19. 39. the process of producing energy in the mitochondria by converting glucose and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water, produces roughly 38 ATP
  20. 41. a process by which water(or some other liquid) diffuses semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution(more water) into a more concentrated one(less water), thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane
  21. 42. anaerobic cellular respiration performed either in the cytoplasm or mitochondria that varies from bacteria/yeast to animals; converts glucose into pyruvate into ethanol in yeast/bacteria; converts glucose into lactic acid in animals; used when there is a lack of oxygen
  22. 43. motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
  23. 45. a type of cellular transport in which substances such as ions and molecules move down their respective concentration gradients
  24. 47. the maintenance of steady internal conditions in organisms or ecosystems to reach a state of equilibrium in which everything can properly function
  25. 48. a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores
Down
  1. 1. a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule; bilayer(two layers, heads facing out, tails facing in) makes up bulk of cell membrane; hydrophilic head, hydrophilic tail
  2. 2. a specialized protein which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction under the right conditions
  3. 3. the genetic constitution of an individual organism; combination of inherited alleles(Tt, tt, TT)
  4. 4. a vascular tissue that transports water throughout a plant's body
  5. 6. the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)
  6. 7. a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
  7. 8. (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place, gets green color from chlorophyll
  8. 9. a the number of a particular species living in an area
  9. 10. microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen that is usable by plants
  10. 12. a microscopic single–celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria
  11. 14. the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species, individuals complete set of chromosomes(23 pairs, 46 total)
  12. 17. an animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat
  13. 21. the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
  14. 22. A water molecule is formed from two monomers and they join together as a result(lose water, join)
  15. 24. the transportation of ions or molecules(typically larger or charged) against the concentration gradient(low to high) through the use of ATP; endocytosis and exocytosis
  16. 28. having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid
  17. 29. a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain
  18. 30. a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA, two spirals turning around each other with ladder–like connections between them
  19. 31. the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis
  20. 34. the breakdown of a molecule into different smaller molecules through the addition of water
  21. 36. any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids; used for long–term energy storage
  22. 38. the presence of an extra chromosome — or three instead of the usual pair; can be fatal; down syndrome
  23. 40. similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions; mammalian bone structure
  24. 44. selection the process by which such forces as competition, disease, and climate tend to eliminate individuals who are less well adapted to a particular environment and favor the survival and reproduction of better adapted individuals, thereby changing the nature of the population over successive generations
  25. 46. an animal that is dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat; a warm–blooded animal